Emergence and Downward Causation

Realist ethical naturalism for ethical non-naturalists

“…This is their possession of causal powers (Campbell and Bickhard 2011;Gozzano 2010;Kim 1999;Kim 2006;MacDonald and MacDonald 2010;Mitchell 2012;O'Connor 1994;O'Connor and Churchill 2010;Welshon 2002). Emergent properties are supposed to bring new causal powers into the world, where these powers go "above and beyond" the causal powers of the basal properties from which they emerge.…”

Emergentisms, Ancient and Modern

“…See for exampleVan Cleve 1990;O'Connor 1994;McLaughlin 1997;Kim 1999 Kim , 2006aKim , 2006bChalmers 1996 Chalmers , 2006Crane 1999; Shoemaker 2007;Macdonald and Macdonald 2010a. Humphreys (1997), O'Connor (2000, andLowe (1996), however, defend non-superveniencebased accounts.3 I will discuss an alleged conception of emergence which denies this, so-called 'weak emergence', below.4 As Mark Bedau observes, 'emergent phenomena are Janus-faced; they depend on more…”