Emergence and Distribution of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype A and O in Bangladesh

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Bangladesh and is predominantly due to FMDV serotype O. In 2012, FMD outbreaks were identified in five different districts of Bangladesh. Of 56 symptomatic cattle epithelial tissue samples, diagnostic PCR assay based on 5'-URT detected 38 FMDV infections. Viral genotyping targeting VP1-encoding region confirmed emergence of two distinct serotypes, A and O with an abundance of serotype A in Chittagong and Gazipur districts and serotype O in Pabna and Faridpur. Only single lineage of both A and O was retrieved from samples of five different regions. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP1 sequences revealed that serotype O sequences were closely related to the Ind 2001 sublineage of Middle East-South Asia (ME-SA) topotype that was previously circulating in Bangladesh, and serotype A sequences belonging to the genotype VII that was dominant in India during the last decade. The results suggest that extensive cross-border animal movement from neighbouring countries is the most likely source of FMDV serotypes in Bangladesh.

Genetic diversity of serotype A foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Kenya from 1964 to 2013; implications for control strategies in eastern Africa

“…In this study, nucleotide diversities In Asia, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, where type A FMDV is also endemic, this serotype (albeit from the Asia topotype) co-exists with serotypes O and Asia 1 but serotype A is the most divergent and is responsible for most of the recent FMD outbreaks (Jamal et al, 2011a;Jamal et al, 2011b;Mittal et al, 2005;Nandi et al, 2013). In contrast, in Kenya serotypes O, SAT 1 and SAT 2 have caused most of the outbreaks, until the recent 2012 to 2013 upsurge of serotype A outbreaks.…”

“…circulating FMDVs is required to enable selection of the most appropriate vaccine strain (Bastos et al, 2003;Kitching, 2005), yet this has been seldom undertaken in Kenya. Elsewhere, large numbers of serotype A outbreaks have reported, in recent years, in Asia and the Middle-East (Jamal et al, 2011a;Nandi et al, 2013).…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Pig-Originated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O from Bangladesh

“…The etiological agent, FMD virus (FMDV), is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family (1), which includes seven distinct serotypes (O, A, C, Asia-1, SAT-1, SAT-2, and SAT-3) and multiple subtypes worldwide (2). In Bangladesh, the FMDV type O Ind2001 lineage of the ME-SA topotype was reported to be homogenously distributed across the regions during 2011 and 2012 (3). …”

RT-PCR based detection and adaptation of foot and mouth disease virus serotype “A” in BHK-21 cell line

“…FMDV Serotype "A" and "O" were consistently present in Bangladesh during 1996 to 2000 (Islam et al, 2000). The recent studies indicated that three different types (A, Asia-1 and O) were prevalent in Bangladesh during 2007 to 2008 (Sil and Taimur, 2000;Zinnah et al, 2010;Nandi et al, 2013). Serotype "O" was found to be responsible for 80% of the confirmed outbreaks, whereas "Asia 1" and "A" caused 12% and 8% outbreaks, respectively (Sarker et al, 2011;Hossen et al, 2014).…”