Emergence and development of Russian wild ryegrass seedlings as influenced by seed source, seed mass, and seeding depth in an artificial medium

Influence of seed location and planting depth on seedling establishment in cattle dungpats

“…Dungpat thickness could be one of the factors responsible for low seedling emergence in dungpats in this study because, as pointed out by many researchers, smaller seeded species tend to have lower seedling emergence at most planting depths than larger seeded species (Jurado & Westoby 1992; Leishman & Westoby 1994; Limbach & Call 1995). For instance, Evans et al .…”

“…Dungpat thickness could be one of the factors responsible for low seedling emergence in dungpats in this study because, as pointed out by many researchers, smaller seeded species tend to have lower seedling emergence at most planting depths than larger seeded species (Jurado & Westoby 1992;Leishman & Westoby 1994;Limbach & Call 1995). For instance, Evans et al (1977) reported that Sandberg bluegrass emergence was greatest when the small seeds (diameter, 1-2 mm; length, 3 -4 mm; mass, 0.5 mg) were planted 0.5-1.0 cm deep in sandy loam and clay soils, and no emergence occurred when seeds were planted more than 3 cm deep in either soil type.…”

Growth performance of some grasses in cattle dungpats in a greenhouse study

“…These responses can be related to its small seed size, low seedling vigor, and shallow rooting habit (within 10 cm of soil surface) (Larson et al, 1997;Wasser, 1982). Smaller seeded species tend to have lower seedling emergence at most planting depths than larger seeded species (Jurado and Westoby, 1992;Leishman and Westoby, 1994;Limbach and Call, 1995). Seedlings with inherently low seedling vigor would have the greatest difficulty penetrating through the dung substrate, particularly through a surface crust that was several millimeters thick.…”