Emeraldine Base Form of Polyaniline Nanofibers as New, Economical, Green, and Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of <i>Z</i>-Aldoximes

Boddula, Rajender; Srinivasan, Palaniappan

doi:10.1155/2014/515428

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…1, and their corresponding peak positions are reported in Table 1 along with the reported ''conventional'' polyaniline SALT and BASE [14]. IR spectra of PANI-CAPS-H 2 SO 4, PANI-CAPS-DHS, and PANI-CAPS-DHS-H 2 SO 4 are very nearly the same, which result is in turn similar to that of the reported PANI SALT.…”

Section: Infrared Spectra Of Polyaniline Saltssupporting

confidence: 75%

Synthesis of highly crystalline polyaniline with the use of (Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid for supercapacitor

2014

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Polyaniline (PANI) salt was prepared with 3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPS) as a novel dopant by aqueous polymerization pathway. Effects of sodium lauryl sulfate surfactant, mineral acid (H 2 SO 4 ), and a combination of surfactant with mineral acid during the polymerization reaction were also determined. PANI-CAPS showed semicrystalline with flake-like morphology. The use of the sodium lauryl sulfate along with CAPS resulted in the formation of highly crystalline nanospheres with flake-like morphology. In order to find out the effect of surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate was used in the reaction. The combination of sodium lauryl sulfate, CAPS, and H 2 SO 4 brings about an extended nanosphere morphology. These polyaniline salts were used as electrode materials in the supercapacitor application, in a symmetric two-electrode cell configuration. The values of specific capacitance, energy, and power densities of PANI-CAPS-DHS-H 2 SO 4 material at 2 mA cm -2 were 495 F g -1 , 90 kJ kg -1 , and 120 J Kg -1 s -1 , respectively. Moreover, 85 % of the original capacitance was retained after 3,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 96-99 %. The value of phase angle is close to 90 at low frequencies, indicating a good capacitive behavior.

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Section: Infrared Spectra Of Polyaniline Saltssupporting

confidence: 75%

Synthesis of highly crystalline polyaniline with the use of (Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid for supercapacitor

2014

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“…6,7,9,22−24 The emeraldine base (EB) form has been deployed in relatively fewer applications such as CO 2 sensing, 25 as the insulating layer in polymer LED, 26 in antireflection coating for infrared optics, 27 and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. 28 In view of the observations noted earlier, we visualized that the EB form would be a simpler and more suitable candidate to develop an efficient humidity sensor. Even though EB is more stable than the oxidizable leucoemeraldine and the easily degraded pernigraniline forms of PANI, it is relatively less stable than ES owing to its lower oxidation state and the nonionic structure; its lower solubility adds to the difficulties of thin film and device fabrication.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Humidity sensor development using PANI and its composites has largely been focused on the ES form, thanks to its higher and tunable electrical conductivity. ,,,− The emeraldine base (EB) form has been deployed in relatively fewer applications such as CO 2 sensing, as the insulating layer in polymer LED, in antireflection coating for infrared optics, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis . In view of the observations noted earlier, we visualized that the EB form would be a simpler and more suitable candidate to develop an efficient humidity sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Efficient Humidity Sensing and Stable Moisture Energy Generation with Polyaniline Emeraldine Base – Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Thin Film

Sasikanth,

Subramanyam,

Radhakrishnan

2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery

Green

Tran

Chen

2020

Adv Materials Inter

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materials development methods do not guarantee results. Yet, the continued development of microwave absorbing materials is imperative. These materials are highly utilized in the defense [16-22] and telecommunications industries, [18,23-27] as means for reducing radar cross sections for stealth technology, [28,29] and providing electromagnetic interference shielding for the information processing and transport capabilities in electronic devices. The progression of research and development in the field of MAMs continues to accelerate, and researchers are in need of new methods for materials development and analysis. One of the most common components integrated into materials systems for microwave absorption is polyaniline. [30-36] This polymer, particularly the protonated Emeraldine Salt variation due to its high conductivity, is a popular material for MAM research and development due the strong dielectric response it demonstrates when irradiated with GHz-range electromagnetic energy. [15] For example, Liu et al. embedded a graphene-polyaniline matrix with nickel ferrite in an attempt to synergistically couple the magnetic properties of the ferrite with the dielectric nature of the matrix. This coupling resulted in a strong microwave interaction and reflection loss of −50.5 dB at 12.5 GHz, with an effective bandwidth of 5.3 GHz. [30] Wang et al. took a similar approach, imbedding a nickel-zinc ferrite into a polyaniline matrix, with a similar goal of coupling the strong dielectric action of the polyaniline material with a magnetic material. The maximal reflection loss realized by these efforts was −41 dB at 12.8 GHz and a 5 GHz effective bandwidth with a material thickness of 2.6 mm. [31] In this study, we demonstrate for the first time a data-driven process for optimizing the microwave absorbing properties of polyaniline. The final reflection loss is maximally reported as −88.54 dB with (f, d) coordinates of (7.0 GHz, 3.8 mm) 5.5 GHz with a 2.1 mm thickness. These results are record-setting for polyaniline-based materials, and the methods used to achieve these experimentally-validated results are thought to be scalable and applicable to the type of research methodologies prevalent in MAM development. As such, this type of data-driven optimization has the potential to revolutionize materials R&D for microwave absorption. The polyaniline materials were synthesized according to standard literature procedures [37] and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) are highly utilized in the defense and telecommunications industries, as means for reducing radar cross sections for stealth technology, and providing electromagnetic interference shielding for the information processing and transport capabilities in electronic devices. Polyaniline materials have attracted enormous attention in the field of MAM development due to their strong dielectric properties. In this manuscript, the strong dielectric action of polyaniline is utilized to demonstrate...

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Emeraldine Base Form of Polyaniline Nanofibers as New, Economical, Green, and Efficient Catalyst for Synthesis of Z-Aldoximes

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Synthesis of highly crystalline polyaniline with the use of (Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid for supercapacitor

Synthesis of highly crystalline polyaniline with the use of (Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid for supercapacitor

Efficient Humidity Sensing and Stable Moisture Energy Generation with Polyaniline Emeraldine Base – Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) Thin Film

Obtaining Strong, Broadband Microwave Absorption of Polyaniline Through Data‐Driven Materials Discovery

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