EMEP Eulerian model for acid deposition over Europe

Olendrzynski, K.; Jonson, Jan Eiof; Bartnicki, Jerzy; Jakobsen, Hugo A.; Berge, Erik

doi:10.1504/ijep.2000.000561

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[65] For the model description of seasonal variation in NH 3 emissions a simple sinus function with a maximum in spring and summer and a minimum in autumn and winter was derived for the TREND model, [66] and has also been applied in various of the early versions of the EMEP model. [67,68] In some cases a constant value over the year has been used as in the FRAME model. [69] Experimental studies of manure application have, however, shown that the emission depends on the application method, the location where the application takes place, and the meteorological conditions (mainly temperature and wind speed).…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are also examples of models, including the TREND [66] model, which apply forward trajectories to describe pollution dispersion from a number of selected sources in the model domain. The UK FRAME model [68,169] has been used to calculate NH x deposition for the UK area. The transport in this model is described by simple straightline trajectories, which imposes a relatively high uncertainty, but on the other hand makes the model fast even for high temporal and spatial resolutions.…”

Section: Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of such models are the new EMEP model, [68] the Swedish MATCH model, [170] the American RADM, [112] CAMx, [171] CMAQ, [172] and STEM [114] models, and the Danish DEHM-REGINA. [82] For each of these receptor points transport, in and out of the grid cell is computed.…”

Section: Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modelling Nitrogen Deposition on a Local Scale—A Review of the Current State of the Art

Hertel¹,

Skjøth²,

Løfstrøm³

et al. 2006

Environ. Chem.

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Local ammonia emissions from agricultural activities are often associated with high nitrogen deposition in the close vicinity of the sources. High nitrogen (N) inputs may significantly affect the local ecosystems. Over a longer term, high loads may change the composition of the ecosystems, leading to a general decrease in local biodiversity. In Europe there is currently a significant focus on the impact of atmospheric N load on local ecosystems among environmental managers and policy makers. Model tools designed for application in N deposition assessment and aimed for use in the regulation of anthropogenic nitrogen emissions are, therefore, under development in many European countries. The aim of this paper is to present a review of the current understanding and modelling parameterizations of atmospheric N deposition. A special focus is on the development of operational tools for use in environmental assessment and regulation related to agricultural ammonia emissions. For the often large number of environmental impact assessments needed to be carried out by local environmental managers there is, furthermore, a need for simple and fast model systems. These systems must capture the most important aspects of dispersion and deposition of N in the nearby environment of farms with animal production. The paper includes a discussion on the demands on the models applied in environmental assessment and regulation and how these demands are fulfilled in current state-of-the-art models.

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Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modelling Nitrogen Deposition on a Local Scale—A Review of the Current State of the Art

Hertel¹,

Skjøth²,

Løfstrøm³

et al. 2006

Environ. Chem.

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“…The chemical and physical processes governing cloud-and rainwater acidity have been well-established since the 1980s (Morgan, 1982;NRC, 1983;Stumm et al, 1987). They have been incorporated in many regional models focused on acid deposition (Chang et al, 1987;Venkatram et al, 1988;Carmichael et al, 1991;Hass et al, 1993;Olendrzynski et al, 2000;Langner et al, 2005) and global models focused on sulfur and nitrogen deposition (Dentener and Crutzen, 1994;Rodhe et al, 1995;Bouwman et al, 2002;Rodhe et al, 2002;Tost et al, 2007;Paulot et al, 2018). A few global modeling studies have focused on rainwater pH (Dentener and Crutzen, 1994;Rodhe et al, 1995Rodhe et al, , 2002Tost et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global modeling of cloudwater acidity, rainwater acidity, and acid inputs to ecosystems

Shah

Jacob

Moch

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Cloudwater acidity affects the atmospheric chemistry of sulfate and organic aerosol formation, halogen radical cycling, and trace metal speciation. Rainwater acidity including post-depositional inputs adversely affects soil and freshwater ecosystems. Here we use the GEOS-Chem model of atmospheric chemistry to simulate the global distributions of cloud- and rainwater acidity, and the total acid inputs to ecosystems from wet deposition. The model accounts for strong acids (H2SO4, HNO3, HCl), weak acids (HCOOH, CH3COOH, CO2, SO2), and weak bases (NH3, dust and sea salt aerosol alkalinity). We compile a global dataset of cloudwater pH measurements for comparison with the model. The global mean observed cloudwater pH is 5.2 ± 0.9, compared to 5.0 ± 0.8 in the model, with a range of 3 to 8 depending on region. The lowest values are over East Asia and the highest values are over deserts. Cloudwater pH over East Asia is low because of large acid inputs (H2SO4, HNO3), despite NH3 and dust neutralizing 70 % of these inputs. Cloudwater pH is typically 4–5 over the US and Europe. Carboxylic acids account for less than 25 % of cloudwater H+ in the northern hemisphere on an annual basis, but 25–50 % in the southern hemisphere and over 50 % in the southern tropical continents where they push the cloudwater pH below 4.5. Anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx (precursors of H2SO4 and HNO3) are decreasing at northern mid-latitudes, but the effect on cloudwater pH is strongly buffered by NH4+ and carboxylic acids. The global mean rainwater pH is 5.5 in GEOS-Chem, higher than the cloudwater pH because of dilution and below-cloud scavenging of NH3 and dust. GEOS-Chem successfully reproduces the rainwater pH observations in North America, Europe, and eastern Asia. Carboxylic acids, which are undetected in routine observations due to biodegradation, lower the annual mean rainwater pH in these areas by 0.2 units. The acid wet deposition flux to terrestrial ecosystems taking into account the acidifying potential of NO3− and NH4+ in N-saturated ecosystems exceeds 50 meq m−2 a−1 in East Asia and the Americas, which would affect sensitive ecosystems. NH4+ is the dominant acidifying species in wet deposition, contributing 41 % of the global acid flux to continents under N-saturated conditions.

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“…One reason is either the difficulty to get detailed information as input to model those variations (Hutchings et al, 2001b). However, improvement has been made, from constant emission models (Singles et al, 1998), and sine functions; which was first derived for TREND (Asman, 1992), and has also been applied in various of the early versions of the EMEP model (Hov et al, 1994;Olendrzynski et al, 2000), and the ACDEP model (Hertel et al, 1995;Ambelas Skjøth et al, 2002). Recently, with information on agricultural practices being more available, NH 3 emissions are more often modelled in a more dynamic way (Génermont and Cellier, 1997;Søgaard et al, 2002;Van Jaarsveld, 2004;Pinder et al, 2004;Sommer et al, 2006;Pinder et al, 2006).…”

Section: Ammonia Emissions From Hot Spotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Deposition Near Hot Spots: Processes, Models and Monitoring Methods

Loubet¹,

Asman

Theobald

et al.

Atmospheric Ammonia

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ABSTRACT. Atmospheric reduced nitrogen (NH x ) mainly originates from hot spots, which can be considered as intensive area or point sources. A large fraction of the emitted NH x may be recaptured by the surrounding vegetation, hence reducing the contribution of these hot spots to long-range transport of NH x . This paper reviews the processes leading to local recapture of NH x near hot spots as well as existing models and monitoring methods. The existing models range from research models to more operational models that can be coupled with long-range transport model provided the necessary information on emissions is available. Local recapture of NH 3 ranges from 2% to 60% within 2 km of a hot-spot and it is sensitive to source height, atmospheric stability, wind speed, structure of the surrounding canopies, as well as stomatal absorption, which mainly depends on green leaf area index and stomatal NH 3 compensation point of vegetation, and finally, cuticular deposition, which depends primarily on vegetation wetness. The main uncertainties and limitations on NH x recapture models and monitoring techniques are discussed.

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EMEP Eulerian model for acid deposition over Europe

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Modelling Nitrogen Deposition on a Local Scale—A Review of the Current State of the Art

Modelling Nitrogen Deposition on a Local Scale—A Review of the Current State of the Art

Global modeling of cloudwater acidity, rainwater acidity, and acid inputs to ecosystems

Ammonia Deposition Near Hot Spots: Processes, Models and Monitoring Methods

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