Anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast strains RS090 T and RS092 were isolated from a soil sample collected on Rishiri Island in the Rishiri, Rebun, Sarobetsu National Park, Hokkaido, Japan. As the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of their large-subunit rRNA genes were identical and those of the internal transcribed spacer regions differed in only four bases, we conclude that they belong to a single species with intraspecific diversity. Phylogenetically, this species was related to Dioszegia buhagiarii and Dioszegia hungarica, in the Tremellales, Tremellomycetes, Basidiomycota, but was clearly distinct from them. Based on the results of sequence analyses and phenotypic characteristics, we conclude that they belong to a novel species in the genus Dioszegia, for which the name Dioszegia rishiriensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RS090 T (5JCM 16282 T 5CBS 11844 T ).
INTRODUCTIONThe genus Dioszegia was introduced based on a single species, Dioszegia hungarica, by Zsolt (1957). Although he did not describe the ballistoconidium-forming ability of the strain, he observed sterigma under a microscope and drew figures as 'short but well-marked sterigmata (necklike connection)'. This species was moved to the genus Cryptococcus (Phaff & Fell, 1970) because ballistoconidia were not observed from the species and the 'neck-like connection' was found in various species in the genus Cryptococcus. With the progress of molecular techniques, the taxonomic significance of ballistoconidium-forming activity has been discredited as a result of numerous phylogenetic studies of ballistoconidiogenous and nonballistoconidiogenous yeasts (for example, Fell et al., 2000;Scorzetti et al. 2002;Takashima & Nakase, 1999). Based on high DNA-DNA relatedness between Cryptococcus hungaricus (the type species of the genus Dioszegia) and Bullera armeniaca, Takashima et al. (2001) stated that the two were conspecific. As a result, they reaffirmed the genus Dioszegia to be a distinct genus based on sequence signatures in the small-subunit (18S) rRNA gene sequence and reinstated D. hungarica with two new combinations for phylogenetically closely related species, Dioszegia aurantiaca and Dioszegia crocea. Since then, several species belonging to this genus have been described, and a total of 15 species are now included in the genus.The species described to date make a distinct cluster, the Dioszegia subclade sensu Inácio (Inácio et al., 2005), in the Tremellales and are characterized by orange-yellow or orange to deep-orange colonies. Interestingly, most of the species belonging to the genus were isolated from plant leaves and only one of the heretofore described and available species, D. hungarica, the type species, was isolated from soil. The paper of Renker et al. (2004) raised the possibility of close associations between plants and Dioszegia species through roots, and isolation of Dioszegia species from soil samples has been reported by Vishniac (2006a) and Connell et al. (2008Connell et al. ( , 2010.In our course of study of the biodiversity o...