Embryonic survival and development at various stages of gestation after bilateral egg transfer in the cow

Sreenan, J.M.; Beehan, D.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0470127

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Pregnancy loss has previously been attributed to reproductive inefficiency [32]. It has been described that twin pregnancy losses occur early in gestation rather than late, and pregnancy is carried to term once established [34]. The pregnancy loss percentage in this study was higher than values published previously for beef heifers and multiparous cows: 15.1% and 8-11%, respectively [5,13].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Combining Embryo Transfer and Artificial Insemination to Achieve Twinning in Beef Cattle, and Effects of Different Twin Calf-Raising Methods on Neonatal Behavior and Growth

Bortoluzzi,

Aubuchon,

Robben

et al. 2024

Ruminants

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As the beef industry moves towards efficient animal production to improve sustainability in agriculture, new production and management approaches are emerging. Among the many facets of the beef industry, cow–calf operations have the most opportunity for efficiency improvement, including improvements in fertility. This project accounts for measures and methods of (1) twinning reproductive technologies and (2) twin calf perinatal care and pre-weaning rearing. The overall objective was to produce twin calves using two reproductive technologies—embryo transfer and artificial insemination. The subobjectives were to determine accuracy of twin pregnancies embryo/fetal losses using ultrasonography, evaluate parturition and dystocia, and determine the effects of different twin-raising methods on neonatal behavior and growth. A fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol was applied to 77 multiparous Angus-cross cows from a commercial beef herd in northcentral South Dakota during the summer of 2019. Cows were assigned to two different treatments groups: only artificially inseminated (AI) or received an embryo transfer following artificial insemination (ET + AI). They were estrous-synchronized, artificially inseminated (AI) with black Angus semen at day 0, and received and embryo transfer (ET) at day 7. Ultrasound examination detected 56% pregnancy risk for both groups, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 75%, 100%, and 90.5%, respectively, for bilateral twin detection. Calves were born during spring 2020. Twin calves (n = 34) and singleton calves (n = 11) were assigned to one of three raising methods: (1) twin born and twin raised (TT; n = 16), (2) twin born and single raised (TS; n = 18), and (3) single born and single raised (S; n = 11). Neonatal nursing behavior and birth weights were recorded, and adjusted day 200 and day 280 were calculated measures of vitality and growth. Blood samples were collected at age 24 h for colostrum intake measures (total serum protein, IgG1, and IgM). Twin calves were born 20% (p < 0.05) lighter in body weight than singletons; however, weights did not differ at day 280 between TT and S calves. TS calves had the shortest average latency to stand, but immunoglobulin concentrations did not differ among treatments. At weaning, cows that had birthed and raised twins produced more kilograms of live weight per pregnancy than cows birthing and raising singletons. Using ET + AI proved to increase twinning rate, and growth was maintained when raising both twins with their dam.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Combining Embryo Transfer and Artificial Insemination to Achieve Twinning in Beef Cattle, and Effects of Different Twin Calf-Raising Methods on Neonatal Behavior and Growth

Bortoluzzi,

Aubuchon,

Robben

et al. 2024

Ruminants

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“…There are no reports of similar wastage following large-scale commercial transfer of younger embryos. Experimentally, Sreenan & Beehan (1976b) found embryonic loss after Day 27 uncommon following surgical, bilateral twin transfers on Days 3-7 but Anderson, Cupps, Drost, Horton & Wright (1978) recorded considerable losses (10/36, 28%) up to Day 248 after one series of similar transfers though not after another (Schneider, 1978). Most of their losses (7/10) occurred later than Day 100.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collection, description and transfer of embryos from cattle 10-16 days after oestrus

Betteridge¹,

Eaglesome²,

Randall³

et al. 1980

Reproduction

236

117

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Of 226 donor cattle treated with PMSG to induce superovulation, 76.5% responded with 3 or more ovulations. Flushing at surgery or slaughter 10-16 days after oestrus recovered eggs and embryos that represented 49.3% of the number of ovulations. Of those recovered, 73.3% were embryos, an average yield of 4.0 embryos/treated cow or 4.8 embryo/flushed cow. The location of eggs and embryos was determined in 65 of the donors. Embryos and unfertilized eggs (6.1% of those recovered) were occasionally found in the oviducts. Empty zonae pellucidae were also found in the uterus on all days. The lengths, or diameters, of embryos were extremely variable within days and within donors, but mean values indicated logarithmic growth between Days 10 and 16. Eighty-four synchronous (+/- 1 day) recipients received single embryos, and 51 recipients twin embryos, by surgical transfer. Pregnancies were obtained in recipients up to Day 16 but not on Day 17, indicating the stage by which an embryo must be present to prevent luteolysis. The overall pregnancy rate at Day 42 was 50.4% and further 18.1% of the recipients exhibited extended oestrous cycles. Of 35 recipients that were allowed to go to term, 12 lost their pregnancies, most often between Days 42 and 63.

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“…At Day 16, viabüity was based on the recovery of elongated blastocysts with an embryonic disc. At Day 42 pregnancy diagnosis was based on the recovery of fetuses and fetal fluids, and viability on expected weight for age of the fetus and fetal fluids, and also on the appearance of the whole conceptus (Sreenan & Beehan, 1976).…”

Section: Embryo Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization and embryonic mortality rates in beef heifers after artificial insemination

Diskin¹,

Sreenan²

1980

Reproduction

Self Cite

257

108

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A total of 256 beef heifers, in 2 experiments, was used to establish fertilization rate and subsequent embryo survival rates. Fertilization rate following a single artificial insemination was 90%. Pooled estimates of embryo survival showed high survival rates up to Day 8 (93%) but markedly reduced (P < 0.001) survival at Days 12 (56%), 16 (66%) and 42 (58%). It is suggested that most embryonic mortality occurs between Days 8 and 16.

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Embryonic survival and development at various stages of gestation after bilateral egg transfer in the cow

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Combining Embryo Transfer and Artificial Insemination to Achieve Twinning in Beef Cattle, and Effects of Different Twin Calf-Raising Methods on Neonatal Behavior and Growth

Combining Embryo Transfer and Artificial Insemination to Achieve Twinning in Beef Cattle, and Effects of Different Twin Calf-Raising Methods on Neonatal Behavior and Growth

Collection, description and transfer of embryos from cattle 10-16 days after oestrus

Fertilization and embryonic mortality rates in beef heifers after artificial insemination

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