Embryonic Mortality Following Culture in Vitro of One- And Two-Cell Rabbit Eggs at Elevated Temperatures

Alliston, C. W.; Howarth, B.; Ulberg, L. C.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0090337

Cited by 87 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…While it is well established that exposure to a mild heat shock decreases development of preimplantation embryos (Alliston et al 1965, Elliot et al 1968, Gwazdauskas et al 1992, Aréchiga et al 1995, Aréchiga & Hansen 1998, Rivera & Hansen 2001, the mechanisms by which development is inhibited are not known. Increased production of free radicals has been implicated in the preimplantation mouse embryo (Aréchiga et al 1995, Aréchiga & Hansen 1998, Ozawa et al 2002 but present results do not support a critical role for free radicals in the two-cell bovine embryo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Actions of thermal stress in two-cell bovine embryos: oxygen metabolism, glutathione and ATP content, and the time-course of development

Rivera¹,

Dahlgren²,

Paula³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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The mechanism by which heat shock disrupts development of the two-cell bovine embryo was examined. The reduction in the proportion of embryos that became blastocysts caused by heat shock was not exacerbated when embryos were cultured in air (20.95% O 2 ) as compared with 5% O 2 . In addition, heat shock did not reduce embryonic content of glutathione, cause a significant alteration in oxygen consumption, or change embryonic ATP content. When embryos were heat-shocked at the two-cell stage and allowed to continue development until 72 h post insemination, heat-shocked embryos had fewer total nuclei and a higher percentage of them were condensed. Moreover, embryos became blocked in development at the eight-cell stage. The lack of effect of the oxygen environment on the survival of embryos exposed to heat shock, as well as the unchanged content of glutathione, suggest that free radical production is not a major cause for the inhibition in development caused by heat shock at the two-cell stage. In addition, heat shock appears to have no immediate effect on oxidative phosphorylation since no differences in ATP content were observed. Finally, the finding that heat shock causes a block to development at the eight-cell stage implies that previously reported mitochondrial damage caused by heat shock or other heat shock-induced alterations in cellular physiology render the embryo unable to proceed past the eight-cell stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure of preimplantation embryos to elevated temperature causes disruption of continued development (Alliston et al 1965, Elliot et al 1968, Gwazdauskas et al 1992, Rivera & Hansen 2001. Temperatures causing this effect represent a relatively mild elevation over hyperthermic temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions of thermal stress in two-cell bovine embryos: oxygen metabolism, glutathione and ATP content, and the time-course of development

Rivera¹,

Dahlgren²,

Paula³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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“…Incubation of rabbit spermatozoa in vitro at 40°C for 3 hours has no effect on fertilizing capacity, but does adversely affect embryo survival (Burfening & Ulberg, 1968). Alliston, Howarth & Ulberg (1965) attempted to distinguish between the possibility of heat stress acting directly on the embryo, or via changes in the female reproductive tract, by transferring fertilized rabbit eggs to pseudopregnant recipients after in-vitro culture at 40°C for 6 hours. They found a direct effect on the egg which was most vulnerable to heat stress during early cleavage.…”

Section: Seasonal Variation In Conceptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of birth in India

Bernard¹,

Bhatt

Potts

et al. 1978

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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The conception rate in Baroda and Manipal, India, is lowest during the hottest weather. The greatest extremes are found in Baroda and, following high summer temperatures, there is a prolongation of low conception rates which may indicate that part or all of the effect is mediated through an effect on scrotal temperature. However, other factors may also be involved and a reduction of coital frequency is likely at extremes of temperature. Seasonal changes in abortion, stillbirths and prematurity are also observed. Changes in spontaneous abortion could be due to heat stress in the mother or possibly to abnormal sperm production at high temperature or to less frequent coitus, leading to embryonic defects.

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“…It is known that heat stress reduces estradiol and increases progesterone secretion by follicular cells in cows (Bridges et al 2005), and this could conceivably change function of the oviduct or endometrium (Hansen 2009). Besides, rabbit embryos cultured in vitro at high temperatures showed less embryo development and survival (Alliston et al 1965;Burfening and Ulberg 1968). Moreover, the mucin coat was similar in both thermal conditions at 48 hpc (50.3 μm in HS and 50.1 μm in TC, Table 2) and according to Murakami and Imai (1996), the mucin coat thickness depends on the time spent in the oviduct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Exposure to high ambient temperatures alters embryology in rabbits

García

Argente

2017

Int J Biometeorol

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High ambient temperatures are a determining factor in the deterioration of embryo quality and survival in mammals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat stress on embryo development, embryonic size and size of the embryonic coats in rabbits. A total of 310 embryos from 33 females in thermal comfort zone and 264 embryos of 28 females in heat stress conditions were used in the experiment. The traits studied were ovulation rate, percentage of total embryos, percentage of normal embryos, embryo area, zona pellucida thickness and mucin coat thickness. Traits were measured at 24 and 48 h post-coitum (hpc); mucin coat thickness was only measured at 48 hpc. The embryos were classified as zygotes or two-cell embryos at 24 hpc, and 16-cells or early morulae at 48 hpc. The ovulation rate was one oocyte lower in heat stress conditions than in thermal comfort. Percentage of normal embryos was lower in heat stress conditions at 24 hpc (17.2%) and 48 hpc (13.2%). No differences in percentage of zygotes or two-cell embryos were found at 24 hpc. The embryo development and area was affected by heat stress at 48 hpc (10% higher percentage of 16-cells and 883 μm smaller, respectively). Zona pellucida was thicker under thermal stress at 24 hpc (1.2 μm) and 48 hpc (1.5 μm). No differences in mucin coat thickness were found. In conclusion, heat stress appears to alter embryology in rabbits.

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Embryonic Mortality Following Culture in Vitro of One- And Two-Cell Rabbit Eggs at Elevated Temperatures

Cited by 87 publications

References 4 publications

Actions of thermal stress in two-cell bovine embryos: oxygen metabolism, glutathione and ATP content, and the time-course of development

Actions of thermal stress in two-cell bovine embryos: oxygen metabolism, glutathione and ATP content, and the time-course of development

Seasonality of birth in India

Exposure to high ambient temperatures alters embryology in rabbits

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