Embryonic intermediate filament, nestin, expression following traumatic spinal cord injury in adult rats

Shibuya, Sei; Miyamoto, Osamu; Auer, Roland N.; Itano, Toshifumi; Mori, Satoshi; Norimatsu, Hiromichi

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00323-8

Cited by 106 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…17 However, nestin is reexpressed in ependymal cells after spinal cord injury. 36 In our experimental model, nestin expression was detected at low levels in the intact and sham-operated adult rats but was rapidly induced 3-fold in the 1st 2 weeks post-syrinx induction. The reexpression of immature intermediate filament nestin decreased by 20% and was maintained at the level of 20% of progenitor cells for another 6 weeks.…”

Section: Phenotypes Of Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…36 In a separate study, we observed that reactive astrocytes and oligodendrocytes migrated toward the syrinx and formed a glial scar barrier surrounding the cyst (unpublished data). Glial scar formation restricts the infiltration of activated inflammatory cells into the lesion 9,11,27 and may act as a cushion against CSF shear stress applied to the tissue surrounding the syrinx.…”

Section: Phenotypes Of Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…One possible reason for such a difference may be the different injury models used. If a compression injury model was used, 32,36,42 mechanical external forces might cause more severe tissue damage in the white matter than in the gray matter, as occurs in our animal model of PTS. It is also possible that mechanical external forces used by others induce progenitor responses that are different from those of the excitatory amino acid insult utilized by us.…”

Section: Location Of Progenitor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction of endogenous progenitor cells in a rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia

Liao

Stoodley

et al. 2011

SPI

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Object Endogenous stem cells theoretically could replace lost tissue and repair deficits caused by syringes. In this study the authors quantitatively examined 1) whether neural progenitor cells exist in an adult rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS); 2) and if so, how long an active population of progenitor cells can persist; 3) whether the cell population's location is associated with the syrinx; 4) the degree of differentiation of the progenitor cells; and 5) the phenotypic fate of the progenitor cells. Methods Wistar rats were divided into intact, sham-operated, and experimental syrinx groups. Animals in each group were equally subdivided according to 4 time points: 7, 14, 28, and 56 days post–syrinx induction. Rats in the experimental syrinx group underwent a C-7 and T-1 laminectomy and then received 0.5 μl of a 24-mg/ml quisqualic acid spinal cord injection at the C-8 level to mimic an excitotoxic injury with an initial cyst, and 10 μl of a 250-mg/ml kaolin injection into the subarachnoid space at the C-8 level to create arachnoiditis. The proliferation, distribution, and differentiation of endogenous progenitor cells were identified immunocytochemically. Results The authors observed a 20-fold increase in progenitor cells excluding inflammatory cells in the 1st 2 weeks post–syrinx induction. The cells persisted for at least 56 days, and 80% of them were located in the gray matter along the border of cysts. They included neural multipotential progenitor cells, oligodendroglial progenitor cells, and astrocytes. Conclusions Data in this study provide evidence for proliferation, distribution, and differentiation of endogenous progenitor cells in a model of PTS in adult rats. These progenitor cells proliferate rapidly, extend for long periods, and are mainly located in the gray matter along the border of syringes. Neural multipotential progenitor cells are expected to be associated with reparative and regenerative mechanisms of PTS. Glial cells are involved in the formation of a glial scar barrier that surrounds the syrinx and may prevent cyst enlargement. The authors' findings suggest that neural progenitor cells play a protective role in PTS.

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Section: Phenotypes Of Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Phenotypes Of Progenitorsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Location Of Progenitor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction of endogenous progenitor cells in a rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia

Liao

Stoodley

et al. 2011

SPI

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“…Spontaneous recovery occurred stepwise until an incomplete paraplegia model was obtained 5-6 weeks after injury. 20 At 10 min after the end of compression, hypothermia was begun using an automatic hypothermia system to lower body temperature to a target level over a 20-min period. Body temperature was maintained at 321C for 4 h. The animals receiving this treatment constituted the hypothermic group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic moderate systemic hypothermia reduces TUNEL positive cells following spinal cord injury in rat

et al. 2004

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Study design: A standardized animal model of contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) with incomplete paraplegia was used to test the hypothesis that moderate systemic hypothermia reduces neural cell death. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate [dUTP] nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used as a marker of apoptosis or cell damage. Objective: To determine whether or not moderate hypothermia could have a neuroprotective effect in neural cell death following spinal cord injury in rats. Setting: Kagawa Medical University, Japan. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n ¼ 39) weighing on average 300 g (280-320 g) were used to prepare SCI models. After receiving contusive injury at T11/12, rats were killed at 24 h, 72 h, or 7 days after injury. The spinal cord was removed en bloc and of examined at five segments: 5 and 10 mm rostral to the center of injury, center of injury, and 5 and 10 mm caudal to the center of injury. Rats that received hypothermia (321C/4 h) were killed at the same time points as those that received normothermia (371C/3 h). The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and subjected to in situ nick-end labeling (TUNEL), a specific method for visualizing cell death in the spinal cord. Results: At 24 h postinjury, TUNEL positive cells (TPC) decreased significantly 10 mm rostral to center of injury in hypothermic animals compared to the normothermia group. At 72 h post-SCI, TPC also decreased significantly at 5 mm rostral, and 5 and 10 mm caudal to the lesion center compared to normothermic animals. At 7 days postinjury, a significant decrease of TPC was observed at the 5 mm rostral and 5 mm caudal sites compared to normothermic animals. Conclusion: These results indicate that systemic hypothermia has a neuroprotective effect following SCI by attenuating post-traumatic TPC.

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“…In response to injury, not only do progenitor cells proliferate in the spinal cord (Frisen, Johansson et al 1995;Johansson, Momma et al 1999;Namiki and Tator 1999;Shibuya, Miyamoto et al 2002), but levels of endocannabinoids, receptors and enzymes are also altered as described earlier (in Section 4). Rigorous studies are needed to address if and how adult spinal cord progenitor cells respond to endogenous cannabinoid tone or to exogenously administered cannabinoids.…”

Section: + Immature Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Cannabinoid 1 Receptor and Progenitor Cells in the Adult Central Nervous System

Sideris¹,

Blanck²,

Recio-Pinto³

2012

Pharmacology

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Embryonic intermediate filament, nestin, expression following traumatic spinal cord injury in adult rats

Cited by 106 publications

References 63 publications

Reaction of endogenous progenitor cells in a rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia

Reaction of endogenous progenitor cells in a rat model of posttraumatic syringomyelia

Post-traumatic moderate systemic hypothermia reduces TUNEL positive cells following spinal cord injury in rat

The Cannabinoid 1 Receptor and Progenitor Cells in the Adult Central Nervous System

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