Embryonic Induction

Spemann, Hans

doi:10.1093/icb/27.2.575

Cited by 95 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…These and subsequent experimental embryological and teratogenic experiments, mainly in amphibians, lead to the concept of a distinct "head organizer" for the organizer activity responsible for anterior, cephalic development, whereby a second head could be induced (Spemann, 1931;Mangold, 1933;Niehrs, 1999;Nieto 1999;Stern, 2005). For example, grafts of the dorsal lip of "early" amphibian gastrulae or "early" Henson's node of chicks are able to induce secondary axes possessing a full range of identities, whereas grafts of late gastrulae induced only posterior structures (Spemann, 1931(Spemann, , 1938Mangold, 1933;Holfreter, 1938;Dias and Schoenwolf, 1990;Storey et al, 1992;Foley and Stern, 2001;Gerhart, 2001). Fate maps in gnathostomes have typically demonstrated that the axial mesoderm (or mesendoderm) migrating out of the dorsal lip and node comes to underlie the future neural plate and that this mesendoderm can induce neural tissue (see below).…”

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reflection of what Spemann (1938) termed the problem of "wholeness" (and secondary inductions), a head connotes a skull and jaws, and often lost in the noting of a patterned nervous system is the notion that, if secondary heads have been induced, such heads would apparently also have to posses embryonic cephalic skeletal elements, including inchoate jaws (Fig. 8A).…”

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developmental biologists have long held that the AME (historically, the anterior archenteron roof/prechordal plate) is in some way integral to the normal formation of the head (e.g., Adelmann, 1922Adelmann, , 1936Adams, 1924;Dart, 1924;Aasar, 1931;Waddington, 1932Waddington, , 1933Waddington, , 1936Waddington, , 1937Waddington, , 1962Mangold, 1933;Huxley and de Beer, 1934;Wright and Wagner, 1934;Spemann, 1938;Nieuwkoop, 1952;Juriloff et al, 1985;Sulik and Johnston, 1982;Elinson and Kao, 1993;Niehrs, 1999;Roessler and Muenke, 2001). Significantly, there is a long history of evidence for an inductive capacity in the AME: heterotopic grafting of the AME in amphibians or chicks has been shown to lead to ectopic head structures (Spemann, 1931(Spemann, , 1938Mangold, 1933;Pera and Kessel, 1997;Zoltewicz and Gerhart, 1997;Kieker and Niehrs, 2001).…”

Section: From Organizer To Mesendoderm To Pharyngeal Endoderm: Succesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significantly, there is a long history of evidence for an inductive capacity in the AME: heterotopic grafting of the AME in amphibians or chicks has been shown to lead to ectopic head structures (Spemann, 1931(Spemann, , 1938Mangold, 1933;Pera and Kessel, 1997;Zoltewicz and Gerhart, 1997;Kieker and Niehrs, 2001). In mice, grafts of the axial mesendoderm in conjunction with a grafted AVE have been shown to induce anterior ectodermal markers such as Otx2 (Tam and Steiner, 1999).…”

Section: From Organizer To Mesendoderm To Pharyngeal Endoderm: Succesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Depew

Simpson

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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Classic neontology (comparative embryology and anatomy), through the application of the concept of homology, has demonstrated that the development of the gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) skull is characterized both by a fidelity to the gnathostome bauplan and the exquisite elaboration of final structural design. Just as homology is an old concept amended for modern purposes, so are many of the questions regarding the development of the skull. With due deference to Geoffroy-St. Hilaire, Cuvier, Owen, Lankester et al., we are still asking: How are bauplan fidelity and elaboration of design maintained, coordinated, and modified to generate the amazing diversity seen in cranial morphologies? What establishes and maintains pattern in the skull? Are there universal developmental mechanisms underlying gnathostome autapomorphic structural traits? Can we detect and identify the etiologies of heterotopic (change in the topology of a developmental event), heterochronic (change in the timing of a developmental event), and heterofacient (change in the active capacetence, or the elaboration of capacity, of a developmental event) changes in craniofacial development within and between taxa? To address whether jaws are all made in a like manner (and if not, then how not), one needs a starting point for the sake of comparison. To this end, we present here a "hinge and caps" model that places the articulation, and subsequently the polarity and modularity, of the upper and lower jaws in the context of cranial neural crest competence to respond to positionally located epithelial signals. This model expands on an evolving model of polarity within the mandibular arch and seeks to explain a developmental patterning system that apparently keeps gnathostome jaws in functional registration yet tractable to potential changes in functional demands over time. It relies upon a system for the establishment of positional information where pattern and placement of the "hinge" is driven by factors common to the junction of the maxillary and mandibular branches of the first arch and of the "caps" by the signals emanating from the distal-most first arch midline and the lamboidal junction (where the maxillary branch meets the frontonasal processes). In this particular model, the functional registration of jaws is achieved by the integration of "hinge" and "caps" signaling, with the "caps" sharing at some critical level a developmental history that potentiates their own coordination. We examine the evidential foundation for this model in mice, examine the robustness with which it can be applied to other taxa, and examine potential proximate sources of the signaling centers. Lastly, as developmental biologists have long held that the anterior-most mesendoderm (anterior archenteron roof or prechordal plate) is in some way integral to the normal formation of the head, including the cranial skeletal midlines, we review evidence that the seminal patterning influences on the early anterior ectoderm extend well beyond the neural plate and are just as importan...

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Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ahead Of Jaw Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Organizer To Mesendoderm To Pharyngeal Endoderm: Succesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Organizer To Mesendoderm To Pharyngeal Endoderm: Succesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Depew

Simpson

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Spemann had originally developed the concept of induction to describe the process whereby the developing eye caused overlying ectoderm to become a lens (Spemann, 1938). Induction is a simple process in the sense that there is a signaling tissue and a responding tissue, and the latter has only two developmental choices, i.e., to be induced or not (Wolpert, 1989).…”

Section: Xenopus and Growth Factor Morphogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and experiment

Green

2002

Developmental Dynamics

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The idea of morphogen gradients has long been an important one in developmental biology. Studies with amphibians and with Xenopus in particular have made significant contributions to demonstrating the existence, identity, and mechanisms of action of morphogens. Mesoderm induction and patterning by activin, nodals, bone morphogenetic proteins, and fibroblast growth factors have been analyzed thoroughly and reveal recurrent and combinatorial roles for these protein growth factor morphogens and their antagonists. The dynamics of nodal-type signaling and the intersection of VegT and ␤-catenin intracellular gradients reveal detailed steps in early long-range patterning. Interpretation of gradients requires sophisticated mechanisms for sharpening thresholds, and the activin-Xbra-Gsc system provides an example of this. The understanding of growth factor signal transduction has elucidated growth factor morphogen action and provided tools for dissecting their direct longrange action and distribution. The physical mechanisms of morphogen gradient establishment are the focus of new interest at both the experimental and theoretical level. General themes and emerging trends in morphogen gradient studies are discussed.

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An evaluation of two-photon excitation versus confocal and digital deconvolution fluorescence microscopy imaging in xenopus morphogenesis

Periasamy

Skoglund

Noakes

et al. 1999

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Embryonic Induction

Cited by 95 publications

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21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and experiment

An evaluation of two-photon excitation versus confocal and digital deconvolution fluorescence microscopy imaging in xenopus morphogenesis

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Embryonic Induction

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

21st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

21st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

Morphogen gradients, positional information, and Xenopus: Interplay of theory and experiment

An evaluation of two-photon excitation versus confocal and digital deconvolution fluorescence microscopy imaging in xenopus morphogenesis

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Product

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About

21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull

21^st Century neontology and the comparative development of the vertebrate skull