Embryonic Fate Map of First Pharyngeal Arch Structures in the sox10

Abstract

Cranial neural crest cells follow stereotypic patterns of migration to form craniofacial structures. The zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate genetic model where transgenics with reporter proteins under the transcriptional regulation of lineage-specific promoters can be generated. Numerous studies demonstrate that the zebrafish ethmoid plate is embryologically analogous to the mammalian palate. A fate map correlating embryonic cranial neural crest to defined jaw structures would provide a useful context for the morphogenetic analysis of craniofacial development. To that end, the sox10:kaede transgenic was generated, where sox10 provides lineage restriction to the neural crest. Specific regions of neural crest were labeled at the 10-somite stage by photoconversion of the kaede reporter protein. Lineage analysis was carried out during pharyngeal development in wild-type animals, after miR140 injection, and after estradiol treatment. At the 10-somite stage, cranial neural crest cells anterior of the eye contributed to the median ethmoid plate, whereas cells medial to the eye formed the lateral ethmoid plate and trabeculae and a posterior population formed the mandible. miR-140 overexpression and estradiol inhibition of Hedgehog signaling resulted in cleft development, with failed migration of the anterior cell population to form the median ethmoid plate. The sox10:kaede transgenic line provides a useful tool for neural crest lineage analysis. These studies illustrate the advantages of the zebrafish model for application in morphogenetic studies of vertebrate craniofacial development.

The development of zebrafish tendon and ligament progenitors

“…4E-G). The cartilage at these stages also expresses the sox10:kaede green protein, consistent with previous reports for this transgene (Dougherty et al, 2012;Dutton et al, 2008). Other cells exclusively expressed the red Kaede protein, identifying them as descendants of the sox10:kaede CNCCs.…”

“…To distinguish between these possibilities, we performed a fate-mapping experiment using a photoconvertible Kaede protein, the expression of which is restricted to the neural crest lineage in the sox10:kaede transgenic line (Tg(sox10:kaede)) (Dougherty et al, 2012). Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, Kaede protein is irreversibly photoconverted from green to red, allowing cell fate to be followed several days post-photoconversion (Ando et al, 2002).…”

“…sox10:kaede (Dougherty et al, 2012) were obtained from Dr Eric Liao (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA), and sox9b fh313 (Manfroid et al, 2012), sox9a hi1134 (Yan et al, 2002) and myod1 fh261 (Hinits et al, 2011) were obtained from Zebrafish International Resource Center. Single embryos were genotyped for sox9b fh313 , sox9a hi1134 and myod1 fh261 as described previously (Hinits et al, 2011;Manfroid et al, 2012).…”

Distinct requirements for wnt9a and irf6 in extension and integration mechanisms during zebrafish palate morphogenesis

“…Lineage tracing of migrating cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) was carried out using the sox10:kaede transgenic (Dougherty et al, 2012). We confirmed that at 16 hours post-fertilization (hpf), the median and lateral ethmoid plate could be targeted by photoconversion of the CNCCs anterior and medial to the 77 RESEARCH REPORT Mechanisms of palatogenesis developing eye, respectively (Fig.…”

Neural Crest Cells in Craniofacial Skeletal Development

“…A glid:mCherry reporter for Hh signaling is first detected in this region around 48 h postfertilization, after cranial NCC have completed migration and just prior to the onset of cartilage differentiation [101]. miR-140 overexpression or pharmacological inhibition of Shh signaling results in clefting and a failure of NCC to form the ethmoid [99]. The secondary palate in mammals arises by outgrowth of paired maxillary processes, which also relies on Shh-loss of Smo in palatal NCC disrupts skeletal mesenchyme proliferation, which in turn disrupts patterning in the adjacent epithelia [102].…”