Embryonic expression of the engrailed homologue of Rhynchosciara americana

Vanario-Alonso, Carlos E.; Sutton, Rosemary; Carvalho, JoséFrancisco; Yussa, Miyuki; Silva, T. M. C.; Abdelhay, Eliana

doi:10.1007/bf00377223

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

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Characterizing the embryonic development of B. hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) following enzymatic treatment to permeabilize the serosal cuticle

Uliana

Brancini

Hombría

et al. 2018

Mechanisms of Development

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Understanding the evolution of the developmental programs active during dipteran embryogenesis depends on comparative studies. As a counterpoint to the intensively investigated and highly derived cyclorrhaphan flies that include the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we are studying the basal Diptera Bradysia hygida, a member of the Sciaridae family that is amenable to laboratory cultivation. Here we describe the B. hygida embryogenesis, which lasts 9 days at 22 °C. The use of standard fixation D. melanogaster protocols resulted in embryos refractory to DAPI staining and to overcome this, a new enzyme-based method was developed. Calcofluor-White staining of enzimatically-treated embryos revealed that this method removes chitin from the serosal cuticle surrounding the B. hygida embryo. Chitin is one of the main components of serosal cuticles and searches in a B. hygida embryonic transcriptome database revealed conservation of the chitin synthesis pathway, further supporting the occurrence of chitin biosynthesis in B. hygida embryos. Combining the enzymatic treatment protocol with the use of both DIC and fluorescence microscopy allowed the first complete description of the B. hygida embryogenesis. Our results constitute an important step towards the understanding of early development of a basal Diptera and pave the way for future evo-devo studies.

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Characterizing the embryonic development of B. hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) following enzymatic treatment to permeabilize the serosal cuticle

Uliana

Brancini

Hombría

et al. 2018

Mechanisms of Development

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Specialized features of Rhynchosciara americana embryogenesis

Carvalho¹,

Vanario-Alonso²,

Silva³

et al. 1999

International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology

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Divergent evolutionary strategies preempt tissue collision in fly gastrulation

Dey,

Kaul,

Kale

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Metazoan development proceeds through a series of morphogenetic events that sculpt body plans and organ structures. In the early embryonic stages, morphogenetic processes involving growth and deformation occur concurrently. Forces generated in one tissue can thus increase mechanical stress in the neighboring tissue, potentially disrupting spatial patterning, morphological robustness, and consequently decreasing organismal fitness. How organisms evolved mechanisms to reduce or release inter-tissue stresses remains poorly understood. Here we combined phylogenetic survey across a whole insect order (Diptera), quantitative live imaging, and functional mechanical perturbation to investigate the evolution of mechanical stress management during epithelial expansions in the gastrulating fly embryos. We find that two distinct cellular mechanisms exist in Diptera to prevent the accumulation of compressive stress that can arise when the expanding head and trunk tissues collide. In Cyclorrhapha, a monophyletic dipteran subgroup including the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, the head-trunk boundary undergoes active out-of-plane deformation to form a transient epithelial fold, called the cephalic furrow (CF), which acts as a mechanical sink to preempt head-trunk collision. Genetic or optogenetic elimination of the CF leads to tissue buckling, yielding deleterious effects of axial distortion that likely results from unmitigated release of compressive stress. Non-cyclorrhaphan flies, by contrast, lack CF formation and instead display widespread out-of-plane division in the head, which shortens the duration of its expansion and reduces surface area increase. Reorienting head mitosis inDrosophilafrom in-plane to out-of-plane partially suppresses the need for epithelial out-of-plane deformation, suggesting that out-of-plane division can act as an alternative mechanical sink to prevent tissue collision. Our data suggest that programs of mechanical stress management can emerge abruptly under selective pressure of inter-tissue mechanical conflict in early embryonic development.

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Embryonic expression of the engrailed homologue of Rhynchosciara americana

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Characterizing the embryonic development of B. hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) following enzymatic treatment to permeabilize the serosal cuticle

Characterizing the embryonic development of B. hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) following enzymatic treatment to permeabilize the serosal cuticle

Specialized features of Rhynchosciara americana embryogenesis

Divergent evolutionary strategies preempt tissue collision in fly gastrulation

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