Embryonic development of the respiratory portion of the pig's lung

Clements, Leo P.

doi:10.1002/ar.1090700507

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Because of the importance of this region to all species, previous researchers have published articles on the microscopic anatomy of the lower respiratory tract of numerous mammalian species (rodents, carnivores, ovines, porcines, ruminants and non‐human primates) (Clements, 1938; Loosli, 1938; Ham and Baldwin, 1941; Hansell and Moretti, 1969; Greenwood and Holland, 1972; Tucker, 1974; Castleman et al., 1975; Jeffery and Reid, 1975; Becci et al., 1978; Alcorn et al., 1981; Pack et al., 1981; Spicer et al., 1982; Jeffery, 1983; Tyler and Plopper, 1985; Scheuermann et al., 1988; Al‐Tikriti et al., 1991). However, publications on this area in non‐placental mammals have been limited to eight articles during the past century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory Tract of the Grey Short‐Tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

Cope

Henry

Reed

2011

Anat Histol Embryol

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The respiratory tracts of seven grey short-tailed opossums were histologically examined. Six opossums were prepared by perfusion with buffered formalin. Opossum seven was perfused with gluteraldehyde. Samples taken from the respiratory passages and lungs of specimens 1-6 were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. A mixture of methylene and azure blue was used for specimen 7. The trachea and right and left principal bronchi are lined with a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with occasional goblet cells. The secondary and tertiary bronchi and the primary and secondary bronchioles are lined by a simple ciliated columnar epithelium. The terminal bronchioles and a portion of the respiratory bronchioles are lined by a simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium. The terminal portion of the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar ducts are lined with simple squamous epithelium. Alveoli are lined by type I and II pneumocytes. Tracheal glands are present in the tela submucosa. The fibromusculocartilaginous tunic of the trachea consists of c-shaped cartilage rings and the trachealis muscle. A lamina muscularis mucosa begins in the intrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus and continues into the respiratory bronchioles. Bronchial glands are present in the propria submucosa and tela submucosa of the principal bronchi. The musculocartilaginous tunic is localized to the extrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus. The bronchial cartilages are irregular shaped plates and limited to the extrapulmonary portion of the principal bronchus. The visceral pleura is a simple squamous mesothelium covering the outer surface of the lung.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory Tract of the Grey Short‐Tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

Cope

Henry

Reed

2011

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…In contrast lambs and guinea pigs are precocious and exhibit well-developed lungs at birth (de-Lorimier et al, 1969;Alcorn et al, 1981;Lechner and Banchero, 1982). The pig is precocious and probably has a relatively well developed pulmonary alveolar region at birth, but reliable information on postnatal lung development is limited (Clements, 1938;Baskerville, 1970Baskerville, ,1976 and does not include the important first two weeks. Ultrastructural morphologic description of the norma1 porcine lung is restricted to the studies of Epling (1966) and Baskerville (1970Baskerville ( , 1976.…”

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confidence: 99%

The neonatal porcine lung: Ultrastructural morphology and postnatal development of the terminal airways and alveolar region

Winkler

Cheville

1984

Anat. Rec.

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Morphology and postnatal development of the porcine lung are described in animals ranging in age from newborn through 60 days. Standardized fixation was accomplished by intratracheal instillation of glutaraldehyde under constant pressure. Light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic investigations revealed that the porcine lung follows the common architecture of mammalian lungs, but has certain peculiarities as well: intravascular macrophages, ultrastructurally similar to Kupffer cells, are attached to endothelial cells in pulmonary capillaries and are involved in erythrophagocytosis during the first postnatal weeks. Type II pneumocytes of newborn pigs exhibit signs of cell activation, mainly complex nuclear bodies in the cell nuclei. At the same time high levels of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids are observed in the newborn blood plasma. Terminal airways of the porcine lung are nonalveolarized and are, therefore, of purely conductive function. At birth the porcine lung exhibits a high degree of maturity, and thick-walled primary saccules, as described in newborn rodents, are not seen. Septa appear straight and smooth, owing to rare ramification. Septal buds are discernible, and two capillary networks visible on both sides of septal cross sections are seen. Further subdivision of the airspaces occurs in the first two postnatal weeks. Precociousness and fast postnatal growth of the porcine species are assumed to be the reason of this advanced degree of lung maturity at birth and the following rapid pulmonary development.

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“…Type 1 tubules have been described in the pseudoglandular phase. According to Clements (1938), the first pulmonary tubules originate empty spaces (primitive alveolar ducts), which are identified in the saccular phase. Furthermore, type 3 tubules described in this period represent the first bronchial structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Maturation in Canine Foetuses From Early Pregnancy to Parturition

Sipriani¹,

Grandi

Silva³

et al. 2009

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Development of the foetal respiratory system includes both pulmonary growth and maturation. In human medicine, a higher incidence of respiratory distress is reported in newborn males. This study aimed to identify different phases of canine foetal lung maturation throughout pregnancy, to determine the stage of pregnancy in which surfactant production begins and to compare pulmonary development of male and female foetuses. Pregnant bitches (34) were subjected to elective ovariohysterectomy and allocated into four groups, according to the stage of pregnancy: 30-40 days of pregnancy (n = 10), 41-50 days (n = 10), 51-60 days (n = 10) and bitches in the first stage of parturition (n = 4). Foetal lungs were histologically processed and evaluated by optical microscopy. The pseudoglandular phase was identified between the 35th day and 46th day of gestation; the onset of canalicular and saccular periods was observed, respectively, from the 48th day and 60th day of pregnancy. Lungs from foetuses at term were in the saccular phase; thus, the development into the alveolar period occurs in the neonatal period. The histological analyses revealed that respiratory tract development is centrifugal, from upper to lower airways. Therefore, it is possible to identify distinct development periods in different portions of the same organ. In conclusion, the saccular phase of lung development begins around 57 and 60 days of pregnancy, the period in which surfactant production is believed to occur. Male and female foetuses present similar pulmonary development from early pregnancy until parturition.

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Embryonic development of the respiratory portion of the pig's lung

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Microscopic Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory Tract of the Grey Short‐Tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

Microscopic Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory Tract of the Grey Short‐Tailed Opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

The neonatal porcine lung: Ultrastructural morphology and postnatal development of the terminal airways and alveolar region

Pulmonary Maturation in Canine Foetuses From Early Pregnancy to Parturition

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