Embryonic development of the heart. I. A light and electron microscopic study of myocardial development in the early chick embryo

Manasek, Francis J.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051250306

Cited by 337 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Subsequently, both kinds of cells move toward each other and assemble to form blood island-like structures, which are initially located in the subepicardium. Since the distance from the endocardium to the epicardium at the onset of heart vascularization is short (due to the very thin myocardial wall consisting of two to three layers of cardiocytes with deep trabecular invaginations) (Manasek, 1968), the movement of erythroblasts to the heart surface does not take a long time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculogenesis of the embryonic heart: Origin of blood island‐like structures

et al. 2006

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The earliest vascular structures (blood island-like) in the embryonic heart are clusters of angioblasts and nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), which differentiate into endothelial cells and erythrocytes, respectively. Our purpose was to define the area and chronology of NRBC appearance in the mouse embryonic heart at the stages before a patency between coronary vessels and peripheral circulation is established (10.5-13.5 dpc). Before and at the onset of vascularization, NBCs were not present within the proepicardium; however, Ter/119 ϩ differentiating erythroblasts and single scattered CD45 ϩ were found in the heart beginning from 10.5 dpc. The Ter/119 ϩ cells were in close apposition to angioblasts (PECAM1 ϩ ) and were recognized as components of blood island-like structures or vascular vesicles in transmission electron microscope and were located mostly in the subepicardium. Some of the NRBCs were not accompanied by angioblasts and located close to the endocardial endothelium or at the border of the endocardial endothelium or in the subepicardium. These erythroblasts were beginning to assemble with angioblasts. CD34 ϩ NBCs as well as progenitor cells of erythroid lineage were not detected in the heart at these stages of development. The state of differentiation of NRBCs of blood islands was similar/the same as the morphology of circulating blood cells at the respective stages of embryo development. The presence of mature NRBCs in the subendocardial area and lack of progenitor cells of erythroid lineage within the heart indicate that erythroid commitment occurs outside the heart. We suggest that NRBCs enter the heart from the blood stream at 10.5-12 dpc independently from angioblasts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculogenesis of the embryonic heart: Origin of blood island‐like structures

et al. 2006

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“…Interestingly, however, an alternative, extracardiac source for the epicardium had been proposed as early as 1909 (Kurkiewicz, 1909). The established concept of the myoepicardium was not significantly challenged, however, until Manasek (1968Manasek ( , 1969 published his seminal studies on embryonic heart morphology. After publication of these papers, other studies followed that supported the nonmyocardial origin for the epicardial tissue.…”

Section: The Origin Of the Epicardium: A Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells

2003

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After its initial formation the epicardium forms the outermost cell layer of the heart. As a result of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) individual cells delaminate from this primitive epicardial epithelium and migrate into the subepicardial space (Pérez-Pomares et al., Dev Dyn 1997; 210: 96 -105; Histochem J 1998a;30:627-634 Dev. Biol. 2002b;247:307-326). A subset of EPDCs continue to differentiate in a variety of different cell types (including coronary endothelium, coronary smooth muscle cells (CoSMCs), interstitial fibroblasts, and atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells), whereas other EPDCs remain in a more or less undifferentiated state. Based on its specific characteristics, we consider the EPDC as the ultimate 'cardiac stem cell'. In this review we briefly summarize what is known about events that relate to EPDC development and differentiation while at the same time identifying some of the directions where EPDCrelated research might lead us in the near future. Anat Rec Part A 276A: 43-57, 2004.

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“…The myocardium of chicken embryos arises as a simple cuboidal epithelium (Manasek, 1968a;Tokuyasu, 1989;Peng et al, 1991) derived from precardiac splanchnic mesoderm. This mitotically active epithe-0 1992 WILEY-LISS, INC. lium (Manasek, 1968b;Jeter and Cameron, 1971; Thompson et al, 1990) secretes and rests upon a hyaluronate-rich extracellular matrix, termed cardiac jelly (Manasek, 1970b;Manasek et al, 1973;Markwald et al, 1979b), and the presumptive myocytes are linked by junctional complexes and gap junctions (Manasek, 1968a;Hiruma and Hirakow, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of sarcomeric myosin in the presumptive myocardium of chicken embryos occurs within six hours of myocyte commitment

Han

Dennis

Cohen-Gould

et al. 1992

Developmental Dynamics

101

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The distribution of sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MyHC) has been examined immunoctochemically in the presumptive myocardial cells of chicken embryos (stages 6-10) prior to the onset of the heart beat. Embryos were stained with monoclonal antibody MF20, a reagent which recognizes all chicken sarcomeric MyHCs (Bader et al., 19821, and then examined both in whole mount by immunofluorescence and in semithin, plastic-embedded sections following immunoperoxidase labeling. We observed that myosin could be detected as early as stage 7 (0-2 pairs of somites) in 29% of the 31 embryos examined, and by stage 8 (4 pairs of somites) more than 80% of the embryos were MF20+. Every embryo with 5 pairs of somites (stage 8 + ) labeled strongly with MF20.Labeling was first detected at stage 7 to 7+ as a diffuse fluorescent signal within pleomorphic cells of the splanchnic mesoderm located in two crescent-shaped regions bordering each side of the anterior intestind portal (AIP). With progressive development, the two crescent-shaped regions merged at the apex of the AIP, and as the two heart tubes began fusion at stage 9, the MyHC + regions extended cranially and medially. By somite stages 9-10, the myosin-positive cells completely encircled the heart tube. From stages 7 to 9 the myosin signal had no sarcomeric distribution; i.e., there were no MyHC striations nor periodic repeats evident in the presumptive myocytes until late stage 9 and stage 10. Semithin sections revealed that myosin was first distributed in apical regions of the myocytes, adjacent to the pericardial coelom. The implications of these findings for myocyte determination, differentiation and morphogenesis are discussed. 0 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Embryonic development of the heart. I. A light and electron microscopic study of myocardial development in the early chick embryo

Cited by 337 publications

References 36 publications

Vasculogenesis of the embryonic heart: Origin of blood island‐like structures

Vasculogenesis of the embryonic heart: Origin of blood island‐like structures

The epicardium and epicardially derived cells (EPDCs) as cardiac stem cells

Expression of sarcomeric myosin in the presumptive myocardium of chicken embryos occurs within six hours of myocyte commitment

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