Embryonic development of endothermy

Tzschentke, B.; Rumpf, Marion

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.004

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Ontogenetic changes in thermal performance have been observed across a variety of endothermic species (Choi et al 1993;Hansen and Lavigne 1997;Donohue et al 2000;Nichelmann and Tzchentke 2002;Degletagne et al 2013) and have been associated with evolutionary patterns (Geiser 2008;Tzschentke and Rumpf 2011). The evolutionary changes in fur insulation that accompany the transition from a primarily terrestrial lifestyle to a primarily aquatic lifestyle have been well documented in marine mammals (Liwanag et al 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny

Gmuca

Pearson

Burns

et al. 2015

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Ontogenetic changes in physiological performance often exemplify the development of adaptations to environmental challenges. For mammals in polar regions, the extreme cold of the environment presents a constant challenge to thermal homeostasis. The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) is an Arctic species that shifts its thermoregulatory strategy with ontogeny. Adult harp seals primarily use blubber for insulation, but newborn harp seals instead rely on their fur coat while their blubber layer develops. Harp seal pups are weaned abruptly, less than 2 wk after birth, and must subsequently learn to swim and dive in frigid waters on their own. This study examined how the morphological characteristics of harp seal fur change with ontogeny. We compared hair length, hair circularity, and hair density for neonates (1 d old; n = 7), early-nursing pups (4 d old; n = 3), late-nursing pups (9 d old; n = 4), newly weaned (molting) pups (2 wk old; n = 5), late-weaned (molted) pups (3 wk old; n = 4), and adult harp seals (n = 4). Hairs were shorter (P < 0.001) and flatter (P < 0.001) in older animals. Additionally, hair density decreased with age (P < 0.001), in terms of both the average number of hair bundles per unit area and the average number of underhairs present in any given bundle. These morphological changes were associated with a reduced thermal resistance of the pelt in late-weaned (molted) pups and adults (P < 0.001). Results are consistent with known evolutionary patterns of fur morphology associated with the transition from fur to blubber in aquatic species, yet this is the first time such morphological differences have been demonstrated across age classes within a single species. Thus, the ontogenetic patterns described here for harp seals recapitulate the convergent phylogenetic patterns observed across secondarily aquatic species. Overall, the timing of these ontogenetic changes may limit the ability of harp seals to adapt to the deterioration of sea ice in the Arctic, as predicted with continued climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny

Gmuca

Pearson

Burns

et al. 2015

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Newly-hatched chicks can have their thermoregulatory capability affected by incubation temperature (Tzschentke & Rumpf, 2011), which can also affect their blood hormones levels (Christensen et al, 2001) and development after hatching (Molenaar et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breeder age on eggshell thickness, surface temperature, hatchability and chick weigh

Gualhanone

Furlan

Fernandez-Alarcon³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of breeder age on incubation parameters (hatchability, eggshell thickness, egg surface temperature and chick weight). In Exp. 1, fertile eggs (30-and 60-wk-old breeders) were incubated at three different temperatures (36.8, 37.8 and 38.8 o C). Eggshell surface temperature was measured by attaching a thermocouple to the shell and data were collected in a datalogger every ten minutes. This study was conducted according to a 3 x 2 factorial design (three temperatures and two breeder ages). Data revealed that eggshell surface temperature changed according to incubation temperature, with the main increase occurring between 10 and 13 days of incubation, and that the maximum increase in eggshell surface temperature was not higher than +0.6 o C, irrespective of incubator temperature. The incubator temperature affected total incubation period and hatchability (%) at 38.8 o C, independent of breeder age. Heavier eggs resulted in heavier chicks, irrespective of incubator temperature. In Exp 2, the eggs (30-and 60-wk-old breeders) were incubated at 37.8 o C and eggs characteristics (weight, specific gravity, total hatchability and chicks weight) were evaluated according to a randomized experimental design. The data showed that breeder age affected eggshell thickness and chick weight (heavier eggs resulted in heavier chicks), but not specific gravity, eggshell surface temperature or hatchability. The findings of this study revealed that hatchability can be influenced by incubation temperature, but not by the breeder age. Breeder age can affect eggshell thickness, egg weight and eggshell surface temperature, but not specific gravity.

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“…In homeotherms, central thermoregulatory mechanisms are already differentiated in fetal life (Asakura, 2004). In fact, during intrauterine life, the fetus is warmed by its own metabolic processes and can change its temperature when under temperature-stress conditions (Power, 1989; Asakura, 2004; Tzschentke and Rumpf, 2011). The precise timing is not known, but evidence suggests that mammalian embryos have developed thermoregulatory mechanisms already from the last months of the fetal period (Power, 1989; Asakura, 2004; Tzschentke and Rumpf, 2011).…”

Section: Hypothesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis: gonadal temperature influences sex-specific imprinting

Prontera

Donti

2014

Front. Genet.

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Various explanations have been advanced for the evolution of genomic imprinting, the most popular of these being the parental conflict hypothesis. However, while this theory may explain why there has been selection for imprinting certain genes, it does not explain how the maternal and paternal genomes can be distinguished from each other. Here, we hypothesize that the temperature at which male and female gonads are physiologically exposed could be, at least for some loci, the primary factor leading to the different imprinting between the sexes.

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Embryonic development of endothermy

Cited by 26 publications

References 78 publications

The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny

The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny

Effect of breeder age on eggshell thickness, surface temperature, hatchability and chick weigh

Hypothesis: gonadal temperature influences sex-specific imprinting

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