Embryology of the naso‐palatal complex in Gekkota based on detailed 3D analysis in <i>Lepidodactylus lugubris</i> and <i>Eublepharis macularius</i>

Kaczmarek, Paweł; Metscher, Brian; Rupik, Weronika

doi:10.1111/joa.13312

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…The nasal region of the chondrocranium shows a paedomorphic state in Anguis (Yaryhin et al, 2021) but it is unclear whether these two features could be linked. Almost certainly it is an artefact of preservation, because the external nares in squamates generally, develop at earlier stages than was observed in our sample of A. fragilis (e.g., Kaczmarek, Metscher & Rupik, 2021). In addition, newly-formed external nares are filled by a nasal plug (e.g., Kaczmarek, Metscher & Rupik, 2021) which further hinders their identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Almost certainly it is an artefact of preservation, because the external nares in squamates generally, develop at earlier stages than was observed in our sample of A. fragilis (e.g., Kaczmarek, Metscher & Rupik, 2021). In addition, newly-formed external nares are filled by a nasal plug (e.g., Kaczmarek, Metscher & Rupik, 2021) which further hinders their identification. Interestingly, in a few clutches, we observed high variation in characters considered important in developmental tables, such as the disappearance of cervical flexure or mandible length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Embryonic development and perinatal skeleton in a limbless, viviparous lizard, Anguis fragilis (Squamata: Anguimorpha)

Skawiński

Skórzewski

Borczyk

2021

PeerJ

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Despite the long history of embryological studies of squamates, many groups of this huge clade have received only limited attention. One such understudied group is the anguimorphs, a clade comprising morphologically and ecologically very diverse lizards. We describe several stages of embryonic development of Anguis fragilis, a limbless, viviparous anguimorph. Interestingly, in several clutches we observe high morphological variation in characters traditionally important in classifying embryos into developmental stages. The causes of this variation remain unknown but environmental factors do not seem to be very important. Additionally, we describe the state of ossification in several perinatal specimens of A. fragilis. The cranial skeleton is relatively poorly ossified around the time of birth, with all of the bones constituting the braincase unfused. On the other hand, the vertebral column is well ossified, with the neurocentral sutures closed and the neural arches fused in all postatlantal vertebrae. Such an advanced state of ossification may be related to the greater importance of the vertebral column in locomotion in limbless species than in ones with fully-developed limbs. Numerous factors seem to affect the state of ossification at the time of hatching or birth in squamates, including phylogenetic position, mode of reproduction and, potentially, limblessness. However, data from a greater number of species are needed to reach firmer conclusions about the relative importance of these variables in certain clades.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Embryonic development and perinatal skeleton in a limbless, viviparous lizard, Anguis fragilis (Squamata: Anguimorpha)

Skawiński

Skórzewski

Borczyk

2021

PeerJ

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“…Despite the fact that intrusion of the connective tissue compartments, carrying blood vessels, into the VSE is likely to occur in many squamates (Gabe & Saint Girons, 1976; Kratzing, 1975; Saito et al, 2010), the occurrence of snake‐like columns of receptor cells seems to be uncommon in nonophidian squamates. Recently, short VSE columns have been noted in Eublepharis macularius (Gekkota; Kaczmarek, Metscher, et al, 2020). Although the intrusion of columns of vascular connective tissue, reaching the apical part of the VSE, was described in Tiliqua scincoides (Scincidae) (Kratzing, 1975), it is difficult to compare this condition to snakes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and ultrastructural studies on the developing vomeronasal sensory epithelium in the grass snake Natrix natrix (Squamata: Colubroidea)

Kaczmarek

Rupik

2020

Journal of Morphology

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The sensory olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) are characterized by continuous turnover of the receptor cells during postnatal life and are capable of regeneration after injury. The VSE, like the entire vomeronasal organ, is generally well developed in squamates and is crucial for detection of pheromones and prey odors. Despite the numerous studies on embryonic development of the VSE in squamates, especially in snakes, an ultrastructural analysis, as far as we know, has never been performed. Therefore, we investigated the embryology of the VSE of the grass snake (Natrix natrix) using electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and light microscopy. As was shown for adult snakes, the hypertrophied ophidian VSE may provide great resolution of changes in neuron morphology located at various epithelial levels. The results of this study suggest that different populations of stem/progenitor cells occur at the base of the ophidian VSE during embryonic development. One of them may be radial glia‐like cells, described previously in mouse. The various structure and ultrastructure of neurons located at different parts of the VSE provide evidence for neuronal maturation and aging. Based on these results, a few nonmutually exclusive hypotheses explaining the formation of the peculiar columnar organization of the VSE in snakes were proposed.

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“…Then, they were dehydrated in a series of ethanol, infiltrated by xylene, paraffin I for 30 min, paraffin II for 24 h, and embedded in paraffin, according to [ 64 ]. The above-mentioned method of fixation is the best for the tissue of reptiles [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Subsequently, paraffin blocks were cut into 7 µm sections using a rotary microtome (Leica RM2125RT; Leica Biosystems, Nussloch, Germany) and collected on glass slides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the Pancreatic Islets and Endocrine Cell Arrangement in the Embryonic Pancreas of the Grass Snake (Natrix natrix L.). Immunocytochemical Studies and 3D Reconstructions

Kowalska

Rupik

2021

IJMS

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During the early developmental stages of grass snakes, within the differentiating pancreas, cords of endocrine cells are formed. They differentiate into agglomerates of large islets flanked throughout subsequent developmental stages by small groups of endocrine cells forming islets. The islets are located within the cephalic part of the dorsal pancreas. At the end of the embryonic period, the pancreatic islet agglomerates branch off, and as a result of their remodeling, surround the splenic “bulb”. The stage of pancreatic endocrine ring formation is the first step in formation of intrasplenic islets characteristics for the adult specimens of the grass snake. The arrangement of endocrine cells within islets changes during pancreas differentiation. Initially, the core of islets formed from B and D cells is surrounded by a cluster of A cells. Subsequently, A, B, and D endocrine cells are mixed throughout the islets. Before grass snake hatching, A and B endocrine cells are intermingled within the islets, but D cells are arranged centrally. Moreover, the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells are not found within the embryonic pancreas of the grass snake. Variation in the proportions of different cell types, depending on the part of the pancreas, may affect the islet function—a higher proportion of glucagon cells is beneficial for insulin secretion.

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Embryology of the naso‐palatal complex in Gekkota based on detailed 3D analysis in Lepidodactylus lugubris and Eublepharis macularius

Cited by 9 publications

References 101 publications

Embryonic development and perinatal skeleton in a limbless, viviparous lizard, Anguis fragilis (Squamata: Anguimorpha)

Embryonic development and perinatal skeleton in a limbless, viviparous lizard, Anguis fragilis (Squamata: Anguimorpha)

Structural and ultrastructural studies on the developing vomeronasal sensory epithelium in the grass snake Natrix natrix (Squamata: Colubroidea)

Architecture of the Pancreatic Islets and Endocrine Cell Arrangement in the Embryonic Pancreas of the Grass Snake (Natrix natrix L.). Immunocytochemical Studies and 3D Reconstructions

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