Embryological and molecular development of the adrenal glands

Ross, Ian Louis; Louw, Gail

doi:10.1002/ca.22422

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A thorough knowledge of both normal and variant abdominopelvic anatomy is important to the clinician treating patients with pathology of this region [ 12 - 17 ]. In addition, imaging can play a significant role in identifying the variant anatomy to assist in the management of pelvic disorders.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Kidney: A Review of the Literature

Eid

Iwanaga

Loukas

et al. 2018

Cureus

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Kidney development is a complex process that begins during the sixth to eighth weeks of life. Failure of ascent of the kidney will cause the kidney to remain in the pelvis i.e., pelvic kidney. Here, we review this entity in detail and illustrate such embryological derailment. In most cases, a pelvic kidney is an incidental finding and is usually asymptomatic. Anatomic variations of the renal vasculature have been reported in cases of pelvic kidneys and these are highlighted in this review. Clinicians who treat patients for renal or pelvic disease or interpret images of the pelvis should be well informed of the anatomy and embryology of the pelvic kidney.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Kidney: A Review of the Literature

Eid

Iwanaga

Loukas

et al. 2018

Cureus

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“…The adrenal gland is surrounded by a capsule, which consists of stromallike cells, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. The adrenal gland can be further divided into two parts, the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla (12). In humans, the adult adrenal cortex is composed of three different zones, the zona glomerulosa (ZG), zona fasciculata (ZF), and zona reticularis (ZR) (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell atlas of developing murine adrenal gland reveals relation of Schwann cell precursor signature to neuroblastoma phenotype

Hanemaaijer

Margaritis

Sanders

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor and accounts for ∼10% of pediatric cancer-related deaths. The exact cell of origin has yet to be elucidated, but it is generally accepted that neuroblastoma derives from the neural crest and should thus be considered an embryonal malignancy. About 50% of primary neuroblastoma tumors arise in the adrenal gland. Here, we present an atlas of the developing mouse adrenal gland at a single-cell level. Five main cell cluster groups (medulla, cortex, endothelial, stroma, and immune) make up the mouse adrenal gland during fetal development. The medulla group, which is of neural crest origin, is further divided into seven clusters. Of interest is the Schwann cell precursor (“SCP”) and the “neuroblast” cluster, a highly cycling cluster that shares markers with sympathoblasts. The signature of the medullary SCP cluster differentiates neuroblastoma patients based on disease phenotype: The SCP signature score anticorrelates with ALK and MYCN expression, two indicators of poor prognosis. Furthermore, a high SCP signature score is associated with better overall survival rates. This study provides an insight into the developing adrenal gland and introduces the SCP gene signature as being of interest for further research in understanding neuroblastoma phenotype.

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“…1). The adrenal cortex is established from the thickening of the mesoderm-derived coelomic epithelium between the urogenital ridge and the dorsal mesentery during 4 to 6 weeks post-conception in humans and at embryonic day 9 in mice [1,2,8]. Clusters of bipotential adrenal gonadal precursors, referred to as the adrenogonadal primordium (AGP), generate both the adrenal cortex and gonads.…”

Section: Development Of the Adrenal Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of the sympathetic nervous system. The cortex develops from mesodermal tissue, whereas the medulla originates from the neuroectoderm [2][3][4]. The cortex is surrounded by mesenchymal cells that form the adrenal capsule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Development and Adult Regeneration of the Adrenal Gland

Kim¹,

Choi²

2020

Endocrinol Metab

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The adrenal gland plays a pivotal role in an organism’s health span by controlling the endocrine system. Decades of research on the adrenal gland have provided multiscale insights into the development and maintenance of this essential organ. A particularly interesting finding is that founder stem/progenitor cells participate in adrenocortical development and enable the adult adrenal cortex to regenerate itself in response to hormonal stress and injury. Since major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of the developmental process and the remarkable regenerative capacity of the adrenal gland, understanding the mechanisms underlying adrenal development, maintenance, and regeneration will be of interest to basic and clinical researchers. Here, we introduce the developmental processes of the adrenal gland and discuss current knowledge regarding stem/progenitor cells that regulate adrenal cortex remodeling and regeneration. This review will provide insights into the fascinating ongoing research on the development and regeneration of the adrenal cortex.

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Embryological and molecular development of the adrenal glands

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Pelvic Kidney: A Review of the Literature

Pelvic Kidney: A Review of the Literature

Single-cell atlas of developing murine adrenal gland reveals relation of Schwann cell precursor signature to neuroblastoma phenotype

Embryonic Development and Adult Regeneration of the Adrenal Gland

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