Embryogeny of Carya and Juglans, a Comparative Study

Langdon, LaDema M.

doi:10.1086/334448

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This result is consistent with observations by Treub (1891) and Swamy (1948) and also with observations in related and unrelated species in which chalazogamy has been reported. The latter species include Pistacia (Copeland 1955;Grunwag 1976;Shuraki and Sedgley 1997;Martínez-Pallé and Herrero 1998), Carya (Langdon 1934), Juglans (Karsten 1902;Langdon 1934;Nast 1935Nast , 1941Luza and Polito 1991), Betula (Benson 1894), Alnus (Benson 1894) and Corylus (Nawaschin 1895). Therefore, it seems doubtful that the pollen tube actually enters the embryo sac from the chalazal side as in Allocasuarina distyla (= "Casuarina stricta") (Frye 1903) and A. nana (= "C. nana") (Barlow 1958).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-tube growth pattern and chalazogamy in Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae)

Sogo

Noguchi

Jaffré³

et al. 2004

Journal of Plant Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For a better understanding of pollen-tube guidance in relation to pollen-pistil interaction, we investigated the mode of pollen-tube growth in pistils of Casuarina equisetifolia, a monoecious, wind-pollinated species that undergoes chalazogamous fertilization. The pistil is bicarpellate, but only one of the two carpels develops with two ovules. One of these ovules develops more than four embryo sacs. Pistils usually require more than 1 month to reach maturity after pollen grains have been deposited on the stigmas. During that period, pollen-tube growth proceeds discontinuously in five distinct steps that lead up to fertilization: (1) from the stigma to the upper region of the style, (2) from the upper region of the style to a septum in the ovary, (3) from the septum to the surface of the funiculus, (4) from the funiculus to chalaza in the ovule, and (5) from the chalaza to an egg apparatus. Probably because of competitive interaction between male and female gametophytes (or ovules), one pollen tube is selected from among many during the first step (just before the second step), one ovule from the two during the second and third steps, and one embryo sac from more than four during the fourth and fifth steps. On the basis of our results, erroneous drawings and explanations reported in earlier publications on chalazogamy in Casuarinaceae should be brought into question.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen-tube growth pattern and chalazogamy in Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae)

Sogo

Noguchi

Jaffré³

et al. 2004

Journal of Plant Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, among the plant groups with delayed fertilization (Table 1), a wide range of times is observed in which fertilization is delayed after pollination, from a few days (e.g., Juglans [Langdon, 1934;Nast, 1935], Carya [McKay, 1947], Persea [Sedgley, 1979], Anacardium [Wunnachit et al, 1992]) up to over 1 year (e.g., Quercus [Conrad, 1900;Berridge, 1914;Langdon, 1939;Stairs, 1964;Cecich, 1997]). Furthermore, among the plant groups with delayed fertilization (Table 1), a wide range of times is observed in which fertilization is delayed after pollination, from a few days (e.g., Juglans [Langdon, 1934;Nast, 1935], Carya [McKay, 1947], Persea [Sedgley, 1979], Anacardium [Wunnachit et al, 1992]) up to over 1 year (e.g., Quercus [Conrad, 1900;Berridge, 1914;Langdon, 1939;Stairs, 1964;Cecich, 1997]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed fertilization and pollen‐tube growth in pistils of Fagus japonica (Fagaceae)

Sogo

Tobe

2006

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In contrast to most angiosperms, in which fertilization occurs 1 or 2 days after pollination, in some plant orders, including the Fagales, fertilization is delayed from 4 days to more than 1 year, raising questions regarding why fertilization is delayed and where and how pollen tubes remain in the pistil during the delay. To answer these questions, we investigated pollen-tube growth in pistils of Fagus japonica (Fagaceae), which are tricarpellate and have six ovules, using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The ovules were immature at the time of pollination and required 5 weeks to become fully developed. During this 5 weeks, pollen tubes grew from the stigma to the embryo sac in association with the development of ovules and intermittently in three steps with two growth-cessation sites, i.e., on the funicle and near the micropyle. The number of pollen tubes was gradually reduced from many to one at the two growth-cessation sites, and fertilization occurred in one ovule that apparently developed earlier than the others in the pistil. Thus, delayed fertilization plays an important role in gametophyte competition and selection leading to nonrandom fertilization. Intermittent pollen-tube growth is also likely widespread in angiosperms because it is known in other Fagales and an unrelated order Garryales.

show abstract

“…Langdon (1934), Woodroof (1928) and Shuhart (1932) have reported Normaltype in this genus Karsten (1902) Nawaschin & Finn (1913, Langdon (1934) and Nast (1935) report Normal-type in this genus This is also very uncertain Karsten (1902) ULMACEAE Shattuck (1905), Capoor (1937ft) Leliveld (1935) Leliveld (1935) Leliveld (1935)) SANTALACEAE Modilewski (1928) SchuUe (1933) These two species were not so fully studied Guignard (1885) had, however, reported Normal-type in T. divaricatum LORANTHACEAE Billings (1933) HYDNORACEAE Dastur (1922) The stages figured in the paper are insufficient to justify ^do;t;a-type Rocen (1927); only as abnormality AlZOACEAE W. Schmid ( ) Neumann (1935 calls this "eine aus verschiedenen Griinden recht zweifelhafte Angabe". See also Bhargava (1936) CARYOPHYLLACEAE Gibbs (1907), P. C. Rocen (1927) Reeves (1930) and Cooper (1936) find Heilborn (1921Heilborn ( , 1928 Kratzer (1918), and Agharkar & Banerji (1930) Bergman (1935) Usual development is normal, but in some cases the walls separating the megaspore nuclei dissolved and there was only one more division TYPHACEAE Schaffner (18976) Dahlgren (1918) showed this to be incorrect and found Normal-type ALISMATACEAE Schaffner (1896) Dahlgren (1916) & Johri (19366) have shown that the development; is of the Allium-type -nucleate condition was seen in only one case.…”

Section: Adoxa-typementioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of the Types of Embryo Sacs in Angiosperms

Maheshwari

1937

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With 17 figures in the text)T HE chief features in the development of the angiosperm embryo sac were already known towards the end of the last century, but there is a good deal of confusion with regard to the terminology of the various stages, and it is therefore considered advisable to introduce this essay with a brief account of the normal course of development.A cell in the hypodermal layer of the nucellus becomes specially prominent, and directly or after cutting off a waU cell functions as the megaspore mother cell or embryo-sac mother cell. The first division gives rise to a dyad; the two cells composing it may be called dyad cells but not megaspores, since reduction division is not yet over. The next division results in the formation of a tetrad; each of the four tetrad cells is a megaspore or macrospore. Only the chalazal megaspore grows further and is called the fimctiomng megaspore or primary embryo-sac cell. The two nuclei formed after the first division soon move apart to the poles and will be referred to as "primary micropylar" and "primary chalazal" nucleus respectively. The second division gives rise to a pair of nuclei at each end and the third to two quartets which form the egg apparatus, three antipodal cells and two polar nuclei. The latter fuse to form a secondary nucleus.T he majority of angiosperms investigated so far correspond to the type described above; many deviations have nevertheless been reported and different systems have been devised to classify them ' The term "fusion nucleus" recommended by Coulter & Chamberlain (1903) has the disadvantage that it has also been used to denote the primary endosperm nucleus, which is formed only after triple fusion. PHYT. XXXVI. 5 ^^

show abstract

Embryogeny of Carya and Juglans, a Comparative Study

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Pollen-tube growth pattern and chalazogamy in Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae)

Pollen-tube growth pattern and chalazogamy in Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae)

Delayed fertilization and pollen‐tube growth in pistils of Fagus japonica (Fagaceae)

A Critical Review of the Types of Embryo Sacs in Angiosperms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About