Embryogenesis of <i>Xyleborus ferrugineus</i> (Fabr.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). I. External morphogenesis of male and female embryos

Beeman, Sylvia L.; Norris, Dale M.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051520205

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…No information about the size of other life stages was found. Xyleborus ferrugineus: adult female 2.0-3.3 mm, 27-3.0 × as long as wide; male 1.8 mm (Wood, 1982); egg 0.70 mm (Beeman & Norris, 1977). Xyloterinus politus: adult female 3.3-3.7 mm, 2.7 × as long as wide; adult male 2.7-2.9 mm, 2.4 × as long as wide (Wood, 1982)…”

Section: Size At Different Life Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No information about the size of other life stages was found. Xyleborus ferrugineus : adult female 2.0–3.3 mm, 27–3.0 × as long as wide; male 1.8 mm (Wood, 1982 ); egg 0.70 mm (Beeman & Norris, 1977 ). Xyloterinus politus : adult female 3.3–3.7 mm, 2.7 × as long as wide; adult male 2.7–2.9 mm, 2.4 × as long as wide (Wood, 1982 ); egg 0.89 × 0.66 mm; new hatched larvae 0.48–0.44 mm; second instar larvae 0.95 mm; third instar larvae 2.8 mm; pupa 3.07 × 1.25 mm (MacLean & Giese, 1967 ).…”

Section: Canker Fungi and Other Fungi Associated With Sapwood ( ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xyleborus ferrugineus : adult female 2.0–3.3 mm, 27–3.0 × as long as wide; male 1.8 mm (Wood, 1982 ); egg 0.70 mm (Beeman & Norris, 1977 ).…”

Section: Canker Fungi and Other Fungi Associated With Sapwood ( ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to deliver a risk assessment on the likelihood of pest freedom from Union quarantine pests and pests subject to measures adopted pursuant to Article 30 of Regulation (EU) No 2016/2031 for the maple veneer sheets manufactured according to the process set out by Canada, with emphasis on the freedom from Davidsoniella virescens and Phytophthora ramorum (non‐EU isolates). The assessment was conducted for veneer sheets of up to 0.7 mm and up to 6 mm thickness, taking into account the different phases in the veneer production in a systems approach. Some of those phases, taken alone, including the heat treatment of logs in a water bath, the cutting into thin veneer sheets and the final high heat drying of veneer sheets are expected to be effective against some of the pests, without uncertainties, making the system approach fully effective. The panel considers that no insects would survive cutting of logs into thin veneer sheets of 0.7 mm and that Xylella fastidiosa will not survive the temperatures in the water bath and final drying of veneers. The degree of pest freedom for the different groups of organisms is generally very high with slightly lower degree of pest freedom for veneer sheets of 6 mm thickness because of lower temperatures reached in the final drying of veneer sheets compared to thinner sheets. P. ramorum is not expected to survive the high heat drying of thin veneer sheets, but it may survive the lower temperatures inside thicker veneer sheets. The Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE) indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9989 and 10,000 veneer sheets (thickness 6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living P. ramorum. For D. virescens, the EKE indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9984 and 10,000 veneer sheets (0.7 mm) per 10,000 and that between 9954 and 10,000 veneer sheets (6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living inoculum. For other relevant groups of pests, the greatest likelihood of pest presence was observed for wood decay fungi. The EKE indicated, with 95% certainty, that between 9967 and 10,000 veneer sheets (0.7 mm) per 10,000 and that between 9911 and 10,000 veneer sheets (6 mm) per 10,000 will be free from living wood decay fungi.

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Section: Size At Different Life Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Canker Fungi and Other Fungi Associated With Sapwood ( ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada

Bragard,

Baptista,

Chatzivassiliou

et al. 2024

EFS2

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Embryogenesis of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). II. Developmental rates of male and female embryos

Beeman

Norris

1977

Journal of Morphology

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The developmental rates of male and female embryos of Xyleborus ferrugineus were compared by charting for each sex the mean age for each of ten discrete morphological stages of embryogenesis from pole cell exclusion to eclosion male and female embryos developed synchronously from stage 1 (which begins with pole cell exclusion) through stage 4 (which ends with the completion of germ band extension and metamerization). After stage 4 and throughout the remainder of embryogenesis, the mean ages per morphological stage of male embryos were significantly greater than those for female embryos. The expected physiological consequences of a haploid genome in the male embryo as compared to a diploid condition in the female embryo are discussed as the possible basis for the persistent lag observed in male developmental rate after stage 4.

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Origin and fate of germ cells in male and female embryos of Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)

Heming

1979

Journal of Morphology

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Comparison of germ cells in male and female embryos of the arrhenotokous thrips, Haplothrips verbasci, yields the following observations: A mean of 11 cleavage energids enter the posterior pole plasm of the egg after the sixth cleavage division and apparently become pole cells when they take up polar granules in their cytoplasm. The cells proliferate asynchronously prior to and during anatrepsis to yield a mean of 36 germ cells in male embryos and 31 in females. Visible sexual differentiation of germ cells begins during germ band elongation and is completed shortly after the appearance of appendages. Female germ cells are larger than those of the males and may contain two nucleoli. The germ cells separate into two groups just before katatrepsis and mesodermal cells collect about these to form the primary epithelial sheaths of the gonads and the primordia of the gonoducts shortly after revolution is completed. Each gonad contains a mean of 13 germ cells in male embryos and 7 in females - a number that persists until mitosis resumes after hatching. During ketatrepsis, a mean of 11 germ cells in male embryos and 2.6 in females fail to be enclosed within the gonads, become dispersed in the yolk and perhaps transform into vitellophages. Germ cell development in H. verbasci embryos resembles similar events taking place in psocid embryos, providing additional evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between Thysanoptera and Psocoptera.

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Embryogenesis of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). I. External morphogenesis of male and female embryos

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada

Commodity risk assessment of maple veneer sheets from Canada

Embryogenesis of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). II. Developmental rates of male and female embryos

Origin and fate of germ cells in male and female embryos of Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) (Insecta, Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)

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