Embryo Survival in First-Service and Repeat-Breeder Cattle after Ovariectomy and Hormone Therapy

Hawk, H. W.; Brinsfield, T. H.; Turner, G. D.; Whitmore, G. E.; Norcross, Maxine

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(63)89288-7

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Ten to 24% of reproductive cows on dairy farms are repeat breeders [4,5]. Some of the diverse causes of infertility associated with repeat breeding include reproductive tract abnormality, estrous detection errors, anovulation, endocrine dysfunction, fertilization failure, and embryonic mortality [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Therefore, various treatments have been used to improve conception rates for repeat breeders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Types of CIDR-based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols for Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows

Kim

Suh

Hur

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. This study compared two types of controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for treatment of repeat breeder dairy cows. In the first trial of the experiment, 55 repeat breeder cows were randomly assigned to the following two treatments. (1) In the EB group, a CIDR device was inserted into the cows, and then the cows were administered an injection of 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) plus 50 mg progesterone (P4; Day 0). On Day 7, they were given an injection of PGF2α and the CIDR device was removed. The cows were given an injection of 1 mg EB on Day 8 and were subjected to TAI 30 h later (n=27). (2) In the gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) group, a CIDR device was inserted into the cows, and then the cows were administered an injection of 250 µg gonadorelin (GnRH; Day 0). On Day 7, they were given an injection of PGF2α and the CIDR device was removed. The cows were given an injection of 250 µg GnRH on Day 9 and were subjected to TAI 17 h later (n=28). In the second trial, 41 repeat breeder cows that were confirmed as not pregnant in the first trial were randomly assigned to the same two treatments used in the first trial (an EB group of 20 cows and a GnRH group of 21 cows). The ovaries of 15 cows from each group were examined by transrectal ultrasonography in order to observe the changes in ovarian structures, and blood samples were collected for analysis of serum P4 concentrations. The pregnancy rates following TAI in the first (18.5 vs. 32.1%) and second (40.0 vs. 38.1%) trials and the combined rates (27.7 vs. 34.7%) did not differ between the EB and GnRH groups. The proportions of cows with follicular wave emergence within 7 days did not differ between the EB (12/15) and GnRH groups (13/15). The interval to wave emergence was shorter (P<0.01) in the GnRH group than in the EB group, but there was no difference in the mean diameters of dominant follicles on Day 7 between the groups. Moreover, the proportions of cows with synchronized ovulation following a second EB or GnRH treatment did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, treatment with either EB or GnRH in a CIDR-based TAI protocol results in synchronous follicular wave emergence, follicular development, synchronous ovulation, and similar pregnancy rates for TAI in repeat breeder cows. Key words: Controlled internal drug release (CIDR), Estradiol benzoate, Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), Pregnancy rate, Repeat breeder dairy cows (J. Reprod. Dev. 53: [639][640][641][642][643][644][645] 2007) ncreased milk production in dairy cows induced by continuous genetic manipulation, improved nutritional management, and larger herd size is associated with decreased fertility [1][2][3].

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Types of CIDR-based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols for Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows

Kim

Suh

Hur

et al. 2007

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…Implantation may occur in the presence of progesterone alone. This has been demonstrated by ovariectomy and hormone replacement therapy soon after mating in a variety of species including rabbit, guinea-pig and hamster (see Marcus & Shelesnyak, 1970) monkey (Meyer, Wolf & Arslan, 1969), sheep (Foote, Gooch, Pope & Cassida, 1957;Moor & Rowson, 1959;Bindon, 1971;Sarda, Robertson & Smeaton, 1973; Cumming, Baxter & Lawson, 1974), cow (Hawk, Brinsfield, Turner, Whitmore & Norcross, 1963) and pig (Gentry, Anderson & Melampy, 1973). This does not, however, exclude the involvement of oestrogens from the normal process since they may still exhibit a limited synergistic effect with progesterone.…”

Section: Ovarian Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hormone involvement in the establishment of pregnancy

Sauer¹

1979

Reproduction

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“…In the past there have been many attempts to improve fertility in high producing cows beginning with an early attempt by ovariectomy and steroid replacement therapy which failed (Hawk et al 1963). Later researchers began to investigate differences in the physiology of cattle during fertile and non-fertile matings and several were discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving pregnancy rates in problem breeder cattle by administration of 15 mg of progesterone on days 3–5 post-mating

Ferguson

Kesler

Godke

2012

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Days 3Á5 post-ovulation is when the embryo is entering the uterus, undergoing genomic activation and progesterone (P 4 ) increases; therefore, this may be a physiologically important time in the cow. The objective of these experiments was to determine the effect on pregnancy rates through the administration of a low dose of P 4 or altrenogest (ALT; Regumate) on days 3, 4 and 5 of the estrous cycle among repeat breeder (RB) cattle. In Trial 1, RB cows (n 014), that failed to conceive to 3 breedings with a fertile bull, and fertile control cows (n 014) that were an average of 120 days post-partum were used. In Trial 2, RB cows (n 06), RB heifers (n 04) (identified as in Exp 1) and fertile control cows (n 08) that were an average of 135 days post-partum were used. In Exp 1 and 2, all cattle were exposed to a fertile bull for one estrus and the onset of estrus was considered day 0. The respective treatments and blood sample collections were on days 3Á5. In Trial 1, RB cows were administered 15 mg of P 4 in 3 ml of ethanol sc and in Trial 2 they were administered 15 mg of ALT (orally) on days 3, 4 and 5. Controls in Trial 1 and 2 were only restrained for blood sample collection to determine plasma P 4 levels using radioimmunoassay (RIA). For both trials, pregnancy rates were empirically lower and similar (P0.05) between treatments vs. controls. Pregnancy rates for Trial 1 controls were 72% (10/14) and 43% (6/14) for Treatment and for Trial 2 controls were 50% (4/8) and 50% (3/6) for Treatment cows. The mean9SE plasma P 4 levels were higher (P B 0.05) in pregnant controls (1.8790.2 ng/ml) compared with nonpregnant controls (0.8990.2 ng/ml) on day 5. In addition, the mean9SE increase in plasma P 4 from day 3Á4 was higher (P B 0.05) in pregnant controls (0.4290.06 ng/ml) compared with nonpregnant controls (0.1890.11 ng/ml). These resulting pregnancy rates support the hypothesis that P 4 supplementation during this time improve pregnancy rate in RB cattle.

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Embryo Survival in First-Service and Repeat-Breeder Cattle after Ovariectomy and Hormone Therapy

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Comparison of Two Types of CIDR-based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols for Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows

Comparison of Two Types of CIDR-based Timed Artificial Insemination Protocols for Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows

Hormone involvement in the establishment of pregnancy

Improving pregnancy rates in problem breeder cattle by administration of 15 mg of progesterone on days 3–5 post-mating

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