Embryo Considered as a Vector Field

Klippel, Charles H.

doi:10.1203/00006450-198404001-01278

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Morphometric studies of embryogenesis have been frustrated by the fact that many structures are growing at different rates simultaneously, so that it is difficult to establish a fixed coordinate system. It has been suggested, for example, that the embryo should be regarded as a vector field where radial measurements are taken from a stable, fixed point located near the area of lumbar vertebrae (Elshafie and Klippel, 1981). In the present study, it was found to be more practical to use the dorsal aorta, notochord, and ventricular apex as landmarks for establishing a Cartesian coordinate system to study the changing distances between points in the outflow tract and great arteries.…”

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confidence: 79%

Rotation of the junction of the outflow tract and great arteries in the embryonic human heart

1986

Anat. Rec.

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The factors which give rise to the normal relationship between the great arteries and their respective ventricles are unknown. The developmental anatomy of this region was studied by using frontal, sagittal, or transverse serial histologic sections of 17 normal human embryos of Carnegie stages 15-19 from the Carnegie Embryological Collection. Distances and angles between major anatomic landmarks were determined by using computer reconstructions of the serially sectioned embryos, three-dimensional analytic geometry, and Euclidean distance formulas. The findings show that between stages 15 and 19 there is a marked rotation of the axis of the semilunar valves: frontal 121 degrees counterclockwise, sagittal 196 degrees counterclockwise, and transverse 240 degrees clockwise. Simultaneously the great arteries lengthen at a faster rate than the rest of the heart; and there is also an increase in the caliber and wall thickness of the great arteries. These results suggest that the changing rate of growth between the great arteries and the heart is necessary to align the great arteries, the semilunar valves, and the muscular outflow tract septum appropriately with respect to the interventricular septum. Reductions in the rate of growth of the great arteries relative to the heart could, by causing changes in the rotation of great arteries and outflow tract septum, have a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular malformations such as tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries.

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confidence: 79%

Rotation of the junction of the outflow tract and great arteries in the embryonic human heart

1986

Anat. Rec.

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“…Tables that increase the intraabdominal pressure due to the incision of facial aponeurotic fibers in vertical incisions and muscle contractions cause decomposition and incisional hernia in the wound site. Additionally, the materials of suture performed closer than 2 cm to the wound edge may cause the formation of hernia by cutting the wound site (8)(9)(10). While male sex was dominant in this study, female patients included in the study were advanced ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External and internal oblique abdominis muscle release (eimr) for complex incisional hernia repair: Modification of partition surgical technique

2021

jsurgarts

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Incisional hernia is the name given to hernias that form in the incision site after abdominal operations. The only treatment option for incisional hernias is surgery and the repair of incisional hernias is still a serious issue for surgeons. The aim of this study is to present an alternative surgical treatment procedure for the treatment of incisional hernias. The study included patients who were diagnosed with complex incisional hernia and underwent surgery between November 2016 and December 2017. In addition to demographic data such as age and gender, the operative and postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were documented. The patients who underwent additional surgical procedure other than herniography were excluded from the study. The study included 16 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of 16 patients, nine (56.25%) were male and seven (43.75%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 51.25 years and the mean body mass index was 25.3 kg/m2. The hernia size measured in the computed tomography was 11.01 cm on average in men and 11.56 cm on average in women. The intravesical pressure measured intraoperatively before the surgery was 3.4 mmHg on average. While the mean intravesical pressure was found as 12.25 mmHg after the abdomen was closed, the mean intravesical pressure was measured as 6.43 mmHg after the relaxation incision and graft installment. The duration of the surgery was 48 minutes on average. In the postoperative period, paralytic ileus responsive to treatment was observed in two patients and skin necrosis was observed in one patient. No pulmonary embolism, respiratory problems and compartment syndrome that may cause mortality developed in patients. No recurrence was observed in patients in the control one year after the surgery. The golden standard surgical method for the incisional hernia surgery has yet to be determined. There is still a need for prospective randomized studies. We believe that our technique can be an alternative to other techniques in the incisional hernia surgery due to its easy applicability and low rate of complications.

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“…Although true skin may grow a short distance beyond the body, the cord remains embryonic in its structure. Klippel (1981) suggested a new theory about the development of the anterior abdominal wall. Considering the embryo as a vector field and using vector analysis, he reported that the development of the embryo progresses not by lateral infolding of the embryologic entities closing at the future umbilicus, but by an outward process from a fLxed midpoint, perhaps from the middle to the periphery.…”

Section: Fig4mentioning

confidence: 99%

The embryology of the inguinofemoral area: an overview

Skandalakis

Colborn

Skandalakis

1997

Hernia

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This paper is an essay to understand the formation of the inguinal and femoral areas by means of an overview of the embryogenesis of the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus, as well as by examining the genesis and the descent of the gonads.Developmental considerations of the femoral canal lead to a discussion of the potential explanations for the developmental formation of a femoral hernia sac. The main argument against the congenital origin of femoral hernia is its rarity in infants and children. Despite the lack of irrevocable proof of a developmental defect, femoral hernias do occur in children and they can become strangulated. Some attractive embryological theories which attempt to explain this fact are discussed.

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Embryo Considered as a Vector Field

Cited by 3 publications

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Rotation of the junction of the outflow tract and great arteries in the embryonic human heart

Rotation of the junction of the outflow tract and great arteries in the embryonic human heart

External and internal oblique abdominis muscle release (eimr) for complex incisional hernia repair: Modification of partition surgical technique

The embryology of the inguinofemoral area: an overview

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