Embryo biotechnology in the dog: a review

ContentsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the level of information on the chemical structures and relative abundances of lipids present in cat and dog oocytes by matrixassisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The MALDI-MS approach requires a simple analysis workflow (no lipid extraction) and few samples (two or three oocytes per analysis in this work) providing concomitant profiles of both intact phospholipids such as sphingomyelins (SM) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) as well as triacylglycerols (TAG). The lipids were detected in oocytes by MALDI using dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as the matrix. The most abundant lipid present in the MS profiles of bitch and queen oocytes was a PC containing 34 carbons and one unsaturation [PC (34:1)]. Oocytes of these two species are characterized by differences in PC and TAG profiles detected qualitatively as well as by means of principal component analysis (PCA). Cat oocytes were mainly discriminated by more intense C52 and C54 TAG species and a higher number of unsaturations, indicating predominantly linoleic and oleic fatty acyl residues. Comparison of the lipid profile of bitch and queen oocytes with that of bovine oocytes revealed some similarities and also some species specificity: TAG species present in bovine oocytes were also present in bitches and queens; however, a more pronounced contribution of palmitic, stearic and oleic fatty acid residues was noticed in the lipid profile of bovine oocytes. MALDI-MS provides novel information on chemical lipid composition in canine and feline oocytes, offering a suitable tool to concomitantly monitor, in a nearly direct and simple fashion the composition of phospholipids and TAG. This detailed information is highly needed to the development of improved protocols for in vitro culture and cryopreservation of cat and dog oocytes.

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“…Oocyte and embryo biology in the dog is quite unknown and different from that in other mammals (Chastant‐Maillard et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Lipids Present in Cat and Dog Oocyte by Matrix‐Assisted Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐ MS)

Apparício

Ferreira

Tata

et al. 2012

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…(2001a), with low recovery rates before the OHE when compared to after (42.5% before vs 97.1% after OHE). According to Chastant‐Maillard et al. (2009), the low embryonic recovery rates in female dogs, approximately of 30–40%, require an adaptation of the techniques being used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1991; Tsutsui et al. 2001a), such as the location of the flushing, the volume of the medium used, surgical technique or not, obtaining low and varied embryonic recovery rates (Chastant‐Maillard et al. 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Embryonic Recovery Rates with In vivo and Ex vivo Techniques in the Bitch

Luz¹,

Holanda²,

Pereira³

et al. 2010

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The embryonic collection techniques in dogs present a vast methodological variation and low recovery rates. The objectives were to compare and describe two techniques as to the recovery of canine embryos, on the 12th day after the first mating or artificial insemination. Embryos were recovered through uterine horn flushing in vivo, before performing the ovariohysterectomy (OHE) (Group 1; n = 9) or ex vivo, immediately after the OHE (Group 2; n = 9). In total, 43 and 47 embryonic structures were recovered in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups on recovery rates (72.8% and 81.0%, respectively). We inferred that both in vivo and ex vivo techniques allow a high rate of embryonic recovery; in the collection technique prior to the OHE, it is essential to carefully handle the reproductive system during the trans-surgical period and that the 12th day (D12) after the first mating/artificial insemination is an efficient option for the high recovery rate of morulae and blastocysts.

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“…Consequently, IVF rates are low (,10-20%) and are associated with a high incidence of polyspermy (up to 60%; Saint-Dizier et al 2001;Chastant-Maillard et al 2010). To date, only one pregnancy has been obtained from 90 embryos transferred 2 days after IVF, but it terminated in an abortion on Day 36 (England et al 2001).…”

Section: In Vitro Maturation Of Oocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The canine oocyte: uncommon features of in vivo and in vitro maturation

Chastant-Maillard

Lesegno

Chebrout

et al. 2011

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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The biology of the canine oocyte is unusual compared with that of other mammalian females. The present paper reviews both in vivo and in vitro specificities of canine oocytes. Final follicular growth in the bitch is characterised by an early appearance of LH binding sites in the granulosa, a high proportion of polyovular follicles and a preovulatory luteinisation, starting at the time of the LH surge. Through follicular fluid, preovulatory oocytes are thus exposed to high levels of progesterone, as high as 1000-fold plasma concentrations. The composition of the follicular fluid is affected by the size of the female. The more specific aspect of oocyte biology in the bitch is ovulation: oocytes are expelled immature, at the Prophase I stage. Ovulatory follicles are 6-8 mm in diameter, releasing oocytes from 110 µm, with dark cytoplasm. Resumption of meiosis occurs from 48 h postovulation, MII stages appearing 48-54 h after ovulation. The mechanisms controlling such a late meiotic resumption are still unknown. Granulosa cells seem to play a central role as in other mammalian species, but not with cAMP as the principal mediator. The importance of a transient reactivation of oocyte transcription a few hours before meiotic resumption is to be explored. These specific features may contribute to the low efficiency of IVM. Only 10-20% oocytes reach the metaphase stage and suffer from a poor cytoplasmic maturation. Moreover, in vitro culture of canine oocytes is associated with a high proportion of degeneration. To date, IVM of the oocytes is the main limiting factor for the development of assisted reproductive techniques in the canine. A better knowledge of the basic physiology of folliculogenesis and the molecular mechanisms controlling oocyte meiosis resumption in this species may allow us to overcome this obstacle.

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Embryo biotechnology in the dog: a review

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

Chemical Composition of Lipids Present in Cat and Dog Oocyte by Matrix‐Assisted Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐ MS)

Chemical Composition of Lipids Present in Cat and Dog Oocyte by Matrix‐Assisted Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐ MS)

High Embryonic Recovery Rates with In vivo and Ex vivo Techniques in the Bitch

The canine oocyte: uncommon features of in vivo and in vitro maturation

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