Embryo associated immunosuppressor factor (EASF) and serum estradiol synergism in pre-embryonic development after in vitro fertilization

Immunosuppressive Properties of Follicular Fluid and Media Conditioned by Zygotes Correlate with Subsequent Conception in In Vitro Fertilization

“…In the present study, we found higher immunosuppressive activity in culture media conditioned by zygotes in IVF conception cycles than in non conception cycles (results from media conditioned by early embryos showed a similar tendency, although they did not reach statistical significance). These results agree with the findings of Bose, who described a positive correlation between immunosuppressive activity of pre‐implantation embryos and successful implantation 23 –25 . Daya et al., 26 isolated two species of suppressive factors of differing molecular weights released by in vitro fertilized human oocytes.…”

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“…It is possible that early pregnancy factors (EPF/EASF) may act in conjunction with one or more of the above-mentioned hormones and/or factors to maintain a successful pregnancy. This hypothesis has been supported by several findings in which (i) an association of EASF activity in embryo growth media, estradiol (E 2 ) levels in IVF patients' serum, and success of pregnancy (24) were demonstrated in IVF-ET patients; (ii) levels of serum EASF, E 2 , and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were suggested to act synergistically in the development of ovarian follicles in patients undergoing artificial insemination programs (25); and (iii) serum EASF in association with serum E 2 levels was suggested to play a role in the preembryonic cell division and success of pregnancy (26) in IVF-ET patients.…”