“…Embroidery, as a technique, necessitates considerations of various properties of the conductive yarn, including strength, wear resistance, and compatibility with automatic embroidery machines. Liu et al 35 designed a circular spiral inductor coil using conductive stainless steel wire for embroidery and employed an appropriate thickness of cotton fabric as a non-electric substrate for two interconnected coils. Experimental results demonstrated the seamless integration of the embroidery inductor coil with clothing.Figure 1.Smart garment: (a) Optical marker placement on the sensor.…”
Intelligent wearable devices for security detection integrate flexible electronic components into protective equipment, enabling the detection of metals, explosives, human physiological conditions, and hazardous chemicals. While numerous studies have investigated various security detection technologies, a systematic literature review providing a comprehensive overview of the preparation and applications of intelligent wearables for security detection is lacking. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive examination of the application of intelligent wearables for security detection in specialized and temporary disposal environments. Additionally, the paper addresses existing challenges and discusses future directions for achieving greater progress in this domain.
“…Embroidery, as a technique, necessitates considerations of various properties of the conductive yarn, including strength, wear resistance, and compatibility with automatic embroidery machines. Liu et al 35 designed a circular spiral inductor coil using conductive stainless steel wire for embroidery and employed an appropriate thickness of cotton fabric as a non-electric substrate for two interconnected coils. Experimental results demonstrated the seamless integration of the embroidery inductor coil with clothing.Figure 1.Smart garment: (a) Optical marker placement on the sensor.…”
Intelligent wearable devices for security detection integrate flexible electronic components into protective equipment, enabling the detection of metals, explosives, human physiological conditions, and hazardous chemicals. While numerous studies have investigated various security detection technologies, a systematic literature review providing a comprehensive overview of the preparation and applications of intelligent wearables for security detection is lacking. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap by conducting a comprehensive examination of the application of intelligent wearables for security detection in specialized and temporary disposal environments. Additionally, the paper addresses existing challenges and discusses future directions for achieving greater progress in this domain.
“…An embroidered inductive strain sensor was introduced in [35] for respiration sensing that comprises two embroidered planar coils connected in series, with their mutual inductance being influenced by their relative positions. These coils can serve as antennas for NFC tags that modulate the carrier wave from the reader according to the inductance variations of the sensor, enabling wireless extraction of sensing information.…”
Section: Nfc Sensorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These sensors generate an alternating magnetic field using a coil; the movement of the object induces a change in the magnetic field, allowing for displacement measurement. An embroidered inductive strain sensor was proposed in [35] fabricated using off-the-shelf conductive yarns that can be woven into clothing such as shirts or sweaters. The sensor consists of two embroidered planar coils connected in series, with their mutual inductance affected by their relative positions.…”
This paper provides an overview of flexible and wearable respiration sensors with emphasis on their significance in healthcare applications. The paper classifies these sensors based on their operating frequency distinguishing between high-frequency sensors, which operate above 10 MHz, and low-frequency sensors, which operate below this level. The operating principles of breathing sensors as well as the materials and fabrication techniques employed in their design are addressed. The existing research highlights the need for robust and flexible materials to enable the development of reliable and comfortable sensors. Finally, the paper presents potential research directions and proposes research challenges in the field of flexible and wearable respiration sensors. By identifying emerging trends and gaps in knowledge, this review can encourage further advancements and innovation in the rapidly evolving domain of flexible and wearable sensors.
“…The results obtained from the model well match those obtained from the EM simulations, as shown in Figure 12 for the case where L tag = L p = 30 mm, showing a mean error less than 1% over the range of distances analyzed. The percentage error is calculated as per (14) and the results are summarized in Table 2. It can be deduced from Figure 12 and Table 2 that the model well matches the results from the simulations.…”
Section: Modeling Of the Additional Capacitancementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another commonly used geometry in wireless sensors is the spiral resonator (SR) geometry. Spiral resonators have found applications in many fields, such as wearables [13,14], biomedical [13,15], strain [14], eddy current [16], and displacement [17][18][19] sensing.…”
Wireless microwave sensors provide a practical alternative where traditional contact-based measurement techniques are not possible to implement or suffer from performance deterioration. Resonating elements are commonly used in these sensors as the sensing concept relies on the resonance properties of the employed structure. This work presents some simple guidelines for designing displacement sensors based on spiral resonator (SR) tags. The working principle of this sensor is based on the variation of the coupling strength between the SR tag and a probing microstrip loop with the distance between them. The performance of the sensor depends on the main design parameters, such as tag dimensions, filling factor, number of turns, and the size of probing loop. The guidelines provided herein can be used for the initial phase of the design process by helping to select a preliminary set of parameters according to the desired application requirements. The provided conclusions are supported using electromagnetic simulations and analytical expressions. Finally, a corrected equivalent circuit model that takes into account the phenomenon of the resonant frequency shift at small distances is provided. The findings are compared against experimental measurements to verify their validity.
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