Embrittlement by liquid metals

Kamdar, M. H.

doi:10.1016/0079-6425(73)90005-4

Cited by 150 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…It is useful here to recall the definition of LME given by Kamdar [1] : LME may be considered as a special case of brittle fracture. The effects of mechanical, metallurgical, physical and chemical factors on embrittlement may be explained rationally in terms of the principles of brittle fracture.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of contact conditions on embrittlement of T91 steel by lead–bismuth

Auger

Lorang

Guérin

et al. 2004

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In his review paper of 1970, M. H. Kamdar [1] stipulates that the phenomenology will concern oxide-free solid metals coated with a film of liquid metal. Concerning the "T91/PbBi" couple, it is needed at the same time:…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of contact conditions on embrittlement of T91 steel by lead–bismuth

Auger

Lorang

Guérin

et al. 2004

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Although liquid metal embrittlement (LME) has been observed a long time ago, the mechanism is not yet fully understood due to the complexity of the phenomenon. Despite the fact that many interpretations of LME have been formulated [5][6][7][8][9][10], the prediction of its occurrence remains problematic. Moreover the concept of specificity of the solid metal-liquid metal couple has been questioned by several authors [5,12,13] and various parameters such as metallurgical state, surface state, composition, solubility, temperature, strain rate, stress concentrators, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of ferritic–martensitic steel in liquid lead alloys

Bosch¹,

Bosch²,

Sapundjiev³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The susceptibility of the ferritic-martensitic steels T91 and EUROFER97 to liquid metal embrittlement (LME) in lead alloys has been examined under various conditions. T91, which is currently the most promising candidate material for the high temperature components of the future accelerator driven system (ADS) was tested in liquid lead bismuth eutectic (LBE), whereas the reduced activation steel, EUROFER97 which is under consideration to be the structural steel for fusion reactors was tested in liquid lead lithium eutectic. These steels, similar in microstructure and mechanical properties in the unirradiated condition were tested for their susceptibility to LME as function of temperature (150-450°C) and strain rate (1 Â 10 À3 -1 Â 10 À6 s À1 ). Also, the influence of pre-exposure and surface stress concentrators was evaluated for both steels in, respectively, liquid PbBi and PbLi environment. To assess the LME effect, results of the tests in liquid metal environment are compared with tests in air or inert gas environment. Although both unirradiated and irradiated smooth ferritic-martensitic steels do not show any or little deterioration of mechanical properties in liquid lead alloy environment compared to their mechanical properties in gas as function of temperature and strain rate, pre-exposure or the presence of surface stress concentrators does lead to a significant decrease in total elongation for certain test conditions depending on the type of liquid metal environment. The results are discussed in terms of wetting enhanced by liquid metal corrosion or crack initiation processes.

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“…The phenomenon depends on many parameters (intensive and extensive) like metallurgical state, surface state, composition, solubility, temperature, strain rate, stress, etc. [4][5][6]. Temperature and strain rate are of extreme importance and will directly affect the severity of embrittlement of a given liquid metal/solid metal couple.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of T91 material tested in liquid lead bismuth eutectic

Bosch

Sapundjiev

Almazouzi

2006

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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The effects of temperature and strain rate on the susceptibility of one of the most promising candidate materials for cladding and high temperature components for ADS, Ferritic/Martensitic steel (T91), to liquid metal embrittlement have been investigated in the temperature interval 150-450°C, at strain rates between 1 · 10 À3 s À1 and 1 · 10 À6 s À1 . The effect of the liquid lead bismuth eutectic has been evaluated by comparison between tests in the liquid metal and in Ar with 5% H 2 . Although the untreated T91 material did not undergo liquid metal embrittlement and there was no apparent change in trends of the tensile properties as function of temperature or strain rate due to the liquid metal, the pre-exposed T91, which was exposed to oxygen poor LBE at 450°C for 4000 h and tested at 450°C did show a decrease in total elongation. The total elongation of the untreated T91 specimens in liquid lead bismuth and in H 2 /Ar-gas mixture followed the same dependence on the temperature up to 245°C. At temperatures above 375°C no results are available from testing in controlled gas environment however reference data measured on the same batch of steel in air are used for comparison. Varying the strain rate did not cause any deterioration in the tensile properties of the material in liquid metal compared to those in gas atmosphere. The results are discussed in terms of self-healing mechanism and crack initiation processes.

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Embrittlement by liquid metals

Cited by 150 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of contact conditions on embrittlement of T91 steel by lead–bismuth

Effect of contact conditions on embrittlement of T91 steel by lead–bismuth

Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of ferritic–martensitic steel in liquid lead alloys

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of T91 material tested in liquid lead bismuth eutectic

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