Embolotherapy of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Long-term Results in 112 Patients

Coil Embolization for Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation as an Organ-sparing Therapy: Outcome of Long-term Follow-up

“…Mager et al 20) reported that periprocedural complications of embolotherapy occurred in 8% of sessions in 112 patients with PAVMs. Adverse events after embolization were migration of an embolic device, transient ischemic attack (TIA), angina pectoris, and early cerebral infarction.…”

Persistence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after successful embolotherapy with Amplatzer vascular plug: long-term results

“…Persistence can result from recanalization of the occluded vessels through the previously placed embolic material; interval reperfusion through accessory vessels from the pulmonary or systemic circulation; or incomplete primary treatment, especially in complex PAVMs (2,(8)(9)(10). Recanalization of the occluded feeding artery is considered as the most common cause of persistence of PAVM treated with coils, occurring in 88%-91% of these patients (1,(10)(11)(12). In our study, persistence occurred in one PAVM, yielding a rate of 3%.…”

“…Our study has the longest follow-up period (54 months) among the published studies and therefore presents the long-term efficacy of these devices in the treatment of PAVMs. Despite the relatively smaller sample size in published studies on AVP and AVP2 devices compared with coils and detachable balloon, the recanalization rate of AVP and AVP2 devices does not appear to be higher than that of coils and detachable balloons, which ranged between 2.8%-10.3% (1,20,34). Trerotola and Pyeritz (35) described embolization of 39 PAVMs using a combination of AVP and coils to prevent recanalization, as they speculated that the thrombogenic effect of the polyester fibers on the coils may augment the mechanical occlusive effect of the plugs.…”

“…Although most PAVMs, especially if small, remain asymptomatic until the fourth to sixth decade, they are usually associated with significant mortality and morbidity, and therefore, should be readily treated (1). Several studies and case reports have been reported in the literature documenting successful treatment of PAVMs using coils and detachable balloons (7,(28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Detachable coiling for embolotherapy of high-flow pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: case report and review of the literature

“…Several studies show recanalization rates varying from about 3% to more than 20% (3), and is significantly higher when multiple PAVMs are present, and when all the visible PAVMs are not embolized (3).…”