Embodied energy of common and alternative building materials and technologies

Reddy, B. V. Venkatarama; Jagadish, K. S.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(01)00141-4

Cited by 621 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Long-term solutions and material replacements may need to be considered [38,42,43]. Short-term solutions include continued improvements to the manufacturing process of steel or continued research on additives to concrete to reduce the environmental impacts [3]. Instead of using 100% Portland cement for concrete, incorporating 25% flyash or 40% ground granulated blast furnace slag into the concrete mixture has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions up to 14% and 22% respectively [38].…”

Section: Life Cycle Environmental Impacts Of Lbc Csl Building Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second parameter compared between the CSL and the published reports was embodied energy ( Figure 5). Embodied energy is the energy required to extract, process, manufacture and transport building materials, associated with the building [3]. The PV panels and inverters represent 49% of the total embodied energy and the geothermal wells account for approximately 4% of the total embodied energy of the CSL.…”

Section: Comparison Of Net-zero Building To Standard Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A materials phase life cycle assessment was completed on the Center for Sustainable Landscapes (CSL). We focused on materials not only due to current construction and operation schedules, but also because previous studies have suggested that the materials used to construct green buildings have higher environmental impacts than those of traditional buildings [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following definitions are posed to ensure understanding of the concepts presented: Embodied Energy: the energy required to extract, process, manufacture and transport building materials (within the manufacturing stage), associated with the building [3]; Cumulative Energy Demand: the impact assessment method used to calculate embodied energy and primary energy, developed by ecoinvent and expanded by SimaPro developers to include other databases [4,5]; Carbon Footprint: a measure of the total amount of equivalent carbon dioxide emissions directly and indirectly caused by an activity or is accumulated over the life stages of a product [6]; Embodied Carbon Footprint: a term used by the International Living Future Institute to describe the carbon footprint associated with the structural materials of a building and used to measure the quantity of carbon offsets needed to be purchased for Living Building Challenge certification [7,8]. Net-Zero Energy: often defined as the balance between the energy consumed by the use of the building and the energy produced by the building's renewable systems on an annual basis [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The construction and material phases of traditional buildings account for 2% to 15% of a building's total life cycle energy, from embodied energy to operational energy to demolition energy [22][23][24]. However, as the impacts associated with the use phase of buildings starts to decrease with more efficient technologies, it is becoming more important to look at the embodied energy [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Materials Life Cycle Assessment of a Net-Zero Energy Building

et al. 2013

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This study analyzed the environmental impacts of the materials phase of a net-zero energy building. The Center for Sustainable Landscapes (CSL) is a three-story, 24,350 square foot educational, research, and administrative office in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. This net-zero energy building is designed to meet Living Building Challenge criteria. The largest environmental impacts from the production of building materials is from concrete, structural steel, photovoltaic (PV) panels, inverters, and gravel. Comparing the LCA results of the CSL to standard commercial structures reveals a 10% larger global warming potential and a nearly equal embodied energy per square feet, largely due to the CSL's PV system. As a net-zero energy building, the environmental impacts associated with the use phase are expected to be very low relative to standard structures. Future studies will incorporate the construction and use phases of the CSL for a more comprehensive life cycle perspective.

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Section: Life Cycle Environmental Impacts Of Lbc Csl Building Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Net-zero Building To Standard Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Materials Life Cycle Assessment of a Net-Zero Energy Building

et al. 2013

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Sustainability Metrics for Efficient and Innovative Residential Building Wall Systems

Solnosky¹,

Memari²

2015

Engineering Solutions for Sustainability

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Effect of residual rice husk ash on mechanical‐microstructural properties and thermal conductivity of sodium‐hydroxide‐activated bricks

Huynh

Hwang

Lin

et al. 2017

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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This research compares the mechanical‐microstructural properties and thermal conductivity of the solid, green construction bricks that contain different percentages of sodium‐hydroxide‐activated residual rice husk ash and class‐F fly ash. The brick specimens were prepared following the guidelines of Vietnamese national standard in term of mixing, forming, and curing. Various percentages of rice husk ash (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) were added to a standard brick mixture in order to evaluate the influence of rice husk ash content on the strength development, void volume, water absorption capacity, bulk density, and thermal conductivity of the hardened bricks. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize surface morphologies of the brick samples. Further, the suitability of using a binder of rice husk ash and fly ash to produce alkali‐activated construction bricks was investigated. The bricks that were produced demonstrated generally good engineering performance and conformed to the relevant Vietnamese codes. Of particular note, the addition of rice husk ash influenced the properties of the bricks significantly, with brick strength peaking at a rice husk ash content of 10% and decreasing progressively at higher percentages. The findings from the present study support the efficacy of using a binder that contains rice husk ash and fly ash to produce green alkali‐activated construction bricks. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1647–1656, 2018

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Embodied energy of common and alternative building materials and technologies

Cited by 621 publications

References 7 publications

A Materials Life Cycle Assessment of a Net-Zero Energy Building

A Materials Life Cycle Assessment of a Net-Zero Energy Building

Sustainability Metrics for Efficient and Innovative Residential Building Wall Systems

Effect of residual rice husk ash on mechanical‐microstructural properties and thermal conductivity of sodium‐hydroxide‐activated bricks

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