Embodied Energy and Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: A Review in Residential Buildings

Chastas, Panagiotis; Theodosiou, Theodoros; Bikas, Dimitrios; Kontoleon, Karolos J.

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.123

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It is important to note that assessing carbon emissions for all construction materials used in a building accordingly in the G-SEED certification process is difficult since more than 1000 different construction materials are typically used in the construction of a new building. Therefore, this study applied a streamlined LCA approach, which considered primary construction materials with high carbon emissions among all the materials used in a building, and analyzed the life cycle scenarios of The embodied carbon emissions refer to the total of carbon emissions arising from the construction material production, construction material transportation, building construction, building maintenance, building dissolution, waste transportation, incineration, and landfill processes [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], as shown in Equation 3. On the other hand, the operational emissions refer to carbon emissions that arise from energy consumed by the operational stages during the service life of a building, as shown in Equation 4.…”

Section: Carbon Emission Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Green Building Index (GBI) Certification System to Effectively Reduce Carbon Emissions in South Korea’s Building Industry

2018

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The building industry is currently strengthening the building life cycle assessment (LCA) criteria of the green building certification system to encourage carbon emission reduction. However, the voluntary approach of the LCA criteria does not provide sufficient incentive to effectively drive green building construction. Furthermore, additional costs associated with green building construction are not given enough weightage, thus hampering the incorporation of green building technologies. This study developed a Green Building Index (GBI) Certification System to effectively reduce carbon emissions in South Korea's building industry. Consequently, the assessment areas for green buildings were divided into a carbon emission index, a building habitability index, and a carbon economic index, and assessment methods were suggested for each area. In addition, eco-efficiency, which represents an environmental value, was incorporated into the three indices from the perspective of green building certification and used to estimate a GBI that represents overall building sustainability. This GBI was then integrated into an overall GBI Certification System, and a case study was used to evaluate its applicability. The results indicate the validity of the proposed GBI Certification System, which promotes voluntary carbon emission reduction by evaluating cost effectiveness based on life cycle carbon emissions and carbon economic efficiency.

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Section: Carbon Emission Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Green Building Index (GBI) Certification System to Effectively Reduce Carbon Emissions in South Korea’s Building Industry

2018

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“…The LCEIs of buildings can be divided into EEIs and OEIs [24,27]. The EEIs of buildings correspond to the LCEIs excluding the EIs caused by energy consumption (e.g., heating, cooling, hot water, lighting, and ventilation).…”

Section: Embodied Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because additional building materials may be necessary for energy-efficient buildings compared with conventional buildings, thus increasing EEIs, but decreasing OEIs [17]. Results of previous LCAs of energy-efficient buildings showed that EEIs were higher than OEIs [23,24]. Hence, more research is necessary to assess and reduce the EEIs of buildings, as the importance and influence of EEIs have gradually increased [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Embodied Environmental Impacts of Korean Apartment Buildings Considering Major Building Materials

2018

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Because the reduction in environmental impacts (EIs) of buildings using life-cycle assessment (LCA) has been emphasized as a practical strategy for the sustainable development of the construction industry, studies are required to analyze not only the operational environmental impacts (OEIs) of buildings, but also the embodied environmental impacts (EEIs) of building materials. This study aims to analyze the EEIs of Korean apartment buildings on the basis of major building materials as part of research with the goal of reducing the EIs of buildings. For this purpose, six types of building materials (ready-mixed concrete, reinforcement steel, concrete bricks, glass, insulation, and gypsum) for apartment buildings were selected as major building materials, and their inputs per unit area according to the structure types and plans of apartment buildings were derived by analyzing the design and bills of materials of 443 apartment buildings constructed in South Korea. In addition, a life-cycle scenario including the production, construction, maintenance, and end-of-life stage was constructed for each major building material. The EEIs of the apartment buildings were quantitatively assessed by applying the life-cycle inventory database (LCI DB) and the Korean life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method based on damage-oriented modeling (KOLID), and the results were analyzed.

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“…On the other hand, in the last several years, research is increasingly being focused on the development of different technologies that help minimize the energy consumption of buildings. This philosophy is known as nZEB (nearly Zero-Energy Building) [2], and it is included in the EU 2010/31/CE directive related to the energy efficiency of buildings. After 2018, every new public building should be constructed in accord with this regulation and, after 2020, every new building should be compliant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average wind speed is 4.2 m/s, and the shape factor k is around 2, depending on the angle range in the predominant direction, i.e., southwest (see Equations (2) and (1)).…”

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confidence: 99%

An Energy Potential Estimation Methodology and Novel Prototype Design for Building-Integrated Wind Turbines

et al. 2019

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ROSEO-BIWT is a new Building-Integrated Wind Turbine (BIWT) intended for installation on the edge of buildings. It consists of a Savonius wind turbine and guiding vanes to accelerate the usual horizontal wind, together with the vertical upward air stream on the wall. This edge effect improves the performance of the wind turbine, and its architectural integration is also beneficial. The hypothetical performance and design configuration were studied for a university building in Eibar city using wind data from the ERA5 reanalysis (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ reanalysis), an anemometer to calibrate the data, and the actual small-scale behavior in a wind tunnel. The data acquired by the anemometer show high correlations with the ERA5 data in the direction parallel to the valley, and the calibration is therefore valid. According to the results, a wind speed augmentation factor of three due to the edge effect and concentration vanes would lead to a increase in working hours at the rated power, resulting annually in more than 2000 h.

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Embodied Energy and Nearly Zero Energy Buildings: A Review in Residential Buildings

Cited by 57 publications

References 28 publications

Developing a Green Building Index (GBI) Certification System to Effectively Reduce Carbon Emissions in South Korea’s Building Industry

Developing a Green Building Index (GBI) Certification System to Effectively Reduce Carbon Emissions in South Korea’s Building Industry

Analysis of Embodied Environmental Impacts of Korean Apartment Buildings Considering Major Building Materials

An Energy Potential Estimation Methodology and Novel Prototype Design for Building-Integrated Wind Turbines

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