Abstract:Learned latent vector representations are key to the success of many recommender systems in recent years. However, traditional approaches like matrix factorization produce vector representations that capture global distributions of a static recommendation scenario only. Such latent user or item representations do not capture background knowledge and are not customized to a concrete situational context and the sequential history of events leading up to it. This is a fundamentally limiting restriction for many t… Show more
“…[56,15] Map representation [98] Decision making [87] Context learning [112] Map integration [84] Rules [117,115,116] KG-scene-graphs [114,34] Map updating [85] Reasoning [48,113] KG-based detection [110] Quality of maps [86] Rule learning [19,47,77] Common-sense [17] Scene understanding KG from text [22] Road sign recog. [59,76] Context model [107] Validation Lane detection [72,46] Situation understanding [38] Risk assessm. [9,81,109] Segmentation Behavior Prediction Test gener.…”
Section: Semantic Segmentationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scene understanding aims to understand what is happening in the scene, the relations between the objects in order to obtain a comprehension for further steps in automated driving that deal with motion planning and vehicle control. An approach for KG-based scene understanding was described by Werner et al [107]. The paper proposes a KG to model temporally contextualized observations and Recurrent Transformers (RETRA), a neural encoder stack with a feedback loop and constrained multi-headed self-attention layers.…”
Automated driving is one of the most active research areas in computer science. Deep learning methods have made remarkable breakthroughs in machine learning in general and in automated driving (AD) in particular. However, there are still unsolved problems to guarantee reliability and safety of automated systems, especially to effectively incorporate all available information and knowledge in the driving task. Knowledge graphs (KG) have recently gained significant attention from both industry and academia for applications that benefit by exploiting structured, dynamic, and relational data. The complexity of graph-structured data with complex relationships and inter-dependencies between objects has posed significant challenges to existing machine learning algorithms. However, recent progress in knowledge graph embeddings and graph neural networks allows to applying machine learning to graph-structured data. Therefore, we motivate and discuss the potential benefit of KGs applied to the main tasks of AD including 1) ontologies 2) perception, 3) scene understanding, 4) motion planning, and 5) validation. Then, we survey, analyze and categorize ontologies and KG-based approaches for AD. We discuss current research challenges and propose promising future research directions for KG-based solutions for AD.
“…[56,15] Map representation [98] Decision making [87] Context learning [112] Map integration [84] Rules [117,115,116] KG-scene-graphs [114,34] Map updating [85] Reasoning [48,113] KG-based detection [110] Quality of maps [86] Rule learning [19,47,77] Common-sense [17] Scene understanding KG from text [22] Road sign recog. [59,76] Context model [107] Validation Lane detection [72,46] Situation understanding [38] Risk assessm. [9,81,109] Segmentation Behavior Prediction Test gener.…”
Section: Semantic Segmentationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scene understanding aims to understand what is happening in the scene, the relations between the objects in order to obtain a comprehension for further steps in automated driving that deal with motion planning and vehicle control. An approach for KG-based scene understanding was described by Werner et al [107]. The paper proposes a KG to model temporally contextualized observations and Recurrent Transformers (RETRA), a neural encoder stack with a feedback loop and constrained multi-headed self-attention layers.…”
Automated driving is one of the most active research areas in computer science. Deep learning methods have made remarkable breakthroughs in machine learning in general and in automated driving (AD) in particular. However, there are still unsolved problems to guarantee reliability and safety of automated systems, especially to effectively incorporate all available information and knowledge in the driving task. Knowledge graphs (KG) have recently gained significant attention from both industry and academia for applications that benefit by exploiting structured, dynamic, and relational data. The complexity of graph-structured data with complex relationships and inter-dependencies between objects has posed significant challenges to existing machine learning algorithms. However, recent progress in knowledge graph embeddings and graph neural networks allows to applying machine learning to graph-structured data. Therefore, we motivate and discuss the potential benefit of KGs applied to the main tasks of AD including 1) ontologies 2) perception, 3) scene understanding, 4) motion planning, and 5) validation. Then, we survey, analyze and categorize ontologies and KG-based approaches for AD. We discuss current research challenges and propose promising future research directions for KG-based solutions for AD.
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