Embedding Circular Economy Principles into Urban Regeneration and Waste Management: Framework and Metrics

Abstract

In a highly urbanised world, cities have become main centers of resource consumption and generation of waste. The notion of the circular economy (CE) identifies strategies for slowing and narrowing resource use through the prevention of waste, improvement of resource use, and substitution of the use of primary resources with recovered materials (and energy). The literature has recently started to explore the concept of circular cities, and a number of cities around the globe have adopted circular economy strategies. Urban regeneration can play a critical role in enabling more circular loops of resources and contribute to more sustainable urban environments; however, there is a lack of contributions in the literature that explore the circularity of urban regeneration projects. The aim of this research is to address this gap by providing a framework and metrics to embed circular economy principles into urban regeneration. The proposed framework and set of metrics are then applied to a case study in West London to quantitatively assess CE implications and point to opportunities to increase circularity. Three main scenarios are developed to assess resource impacts of different waste strategies. The maximizing recycling scenario suggests that over 65% recycling and just under 35% energy recovery could be achieved for the area. However, findings suggest potential trade-offs between strategies centered around energy recovery from waste and strategies that prioritise recycling of recyclable fractions from waste. The three scenarios are then assessed against the CE metrics proposed. Again, here, ‘maximising recycling’ better aligns with the proposed CE metrics and contributes to cutting around 50% of GHG emissions associated with management/disposal of residual waste while increasing opportunities for resource recovery. Finally, some conclusions are drawn pointing to pathways to maximise optimal resource use and infrastructural provision in urban regeneration.

The complexity and interconnectedness of circular cities and the circular economy for sustainability

“…The last emerging topic was regeneration , which hinted towards restoring natural systems within and on the outskirts of the city's perimeter (Awad & Jung, 2022; Balletto et al, 2022). The built environment, specifically infrastructure, significantly degrades the land, water, air, and environmental health (Domenech & Borrion, 2022). We can conclude from the indices for regeneration that cities are assisting with the degraded land recovery.…”

“…We can conclude from the indices for regeneration that cities are assisting with the degraded land recovery. By employing strategies that promote regeneration , cities improve environmental health, improve natural resources production (e.g., food and water resources) and maintain high health conditions for society living within the city's perimeter (Domenech & Borrion, 2022; Sala Benites et al, 2022).…”

Waste as Resource for Pakistan: An Innovative Business Model of Regenerative Circular Economy to Integrate Municipal Solid Waste Management Sector

“…The current average recycling rate, i.e., recovery of recyclables, is reported as 14.4% in Pakistan by the informal sector [74] with almost zero compost manufacturing from organic municipal waste, except in Lahore, which has an active composting facility with 1000 t/d waste processing capacity and where operations are underutilized. The proposed (a) Foreign-debt-paying capacity from estimated revenue generated from the recycling business; (b) estimated decrease in per capita foreign debt over the period.…”

Enabling circular economy practices in regional contexts: Insights from the UK Southwest

“…The approach focusses on designing out waste and pollution, keeping products and materials in use for as long as possible, and regenerating natural systems. Much research focusses on CE practices in urban contexts (Domenech and Borrion, 2022; Joensuu et al, 2020); yet there is a growing interest in their adoption in rural environments (Mihai et al, 2022), where they have the potential to foster community development (Siemens, 2012).…”