Embedding a carbon nanotube across the diameter of a solid state nanopore

Sadki, E. S.; Garaj, Slaven; Vlassarev, D.; Golovchenko, Jene Andrew; Branton, Daniel

doi:10.1116/1.3628602

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Besides, Stein's group demonstrated that SWCNTs could be embedded in a nanopore (Jiang et al, 2010 ). Golovchenko, Branton, and colleagues reported an in situ growth method to embed SWCNTs across nanopores (Sadki et al, 2011 ). These provide new alternative approaches to minimize electrode size as diameter of the thinnest SWCNT is only 0.3 nm (Zhao et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Other Nanopore Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of nanopore sequencing

2015

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The “$1000 Genome” project has been drawing increasing attention since its launch a decade ago. Nanopore sequencing, the third-generation, is believed to be one of the most promising sequencing technologies to reach four gold standards set for the “$1000 Genome” while the second-generation sequencing technologies are bringing about a revolution in life sciences, particularly in genome sequencing-based personalized medicine. Both of protein and solid-state nanopores have been extensively investigated for a series of issues, from detection of ionic current blockage to field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors. A newly released protein nanopore sequencer has shown encouraging potential that nanopore sequencing will ultimately fulfill the gold standards. In this review, we address advances, challenges, and possible solutions of nanopore sequencing according to these standards.

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Section: Other Nanopore Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of nanopore sequencing

2015

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“…For this reason, some groups have explored advanced functionalization of nanopore devices by designing more complex structures. These structures include multilayered membranes, metallized dielectric membranes with or without molecular coatings, and membranes equipped with nanoelectrodes . In all these cases, the architecture of these advanced nanopore devices involve at least one conductive metallic film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Passage Times of Short ssDNA Molecules through Metallized Nanopores Fabricated by Controlled Breakdown

Kwok

Waugh

Bustamante

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

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7745wileyonlinelibrary.com more complex structures. These structures include multilayered membranes, [ 11,12 ] metallized dielectric membranes with or without molecular coatings, [13][14][15] and membranes equipped with nanoelectrodes. [16][17][18][19][20] In all these cases, the architecture of these advanced nanopore devices involve at least one conductive metallic fi lm. Such conductive layers are intended to read alternative electrical signals, such as an induced charge, [ 21,22 ] potential [ 23 ] and transverse tunneling current, [ 24 ] or to control the motion of biopolymers during passage by modulating a local electric fi eld, [ 25 ] or by providing binding sites for biomolecules. [ 14 ] However, the throughput at which these complex structures can be tested under different operating conditions is a major bottleneck that impedes faster progress in the fi eld. This is, in part, a consequence of the nanopore fabrication approaches currently being employed, which negatively affects the yield of functional devices. Nanofabrication strategies relying on beams of energetic particles, either electrons or ions, require expensive, complex equipment that are inherently low throughput and involve multiple handling steps. Recently, our group has demonstrated that dielectric breakdown can be utilized to create individual nanopores on bare insulating solid-state membranes [ 26 ] and reliably achieve sub-2-nm feature size. [ 27 ] In addition, this technique creates nanopores directly in an aqueous solution, thus completely eliminating issues related to wetting and signifi cantly reducing handling risks. The simplicity in fabrication and workfl ow offered by the method will likely help increase the research output of many groups and render the fi eld accessible to others. Nevertheless, the capacity of this method to fabricate nanopores in more complex membrane structures remains to be explored. This article describes the fabrication of individual nanopores on metallized dielectric membranes using controlled breakdown (CBD), and introduces a high-electric fi eld pulsing strategy where the voltage across the metallized membrane is stepped between a long, low monitoring voltage and a brief, higher fabrication voltage. Finally, the translocation kinetics of short single-stranded DNA molecules through these metallized nanopores is presented. This study lays the foundation for future work to employ CBD for the fabrication of nanopores in more complex membrane structures, incorporating metallic materials, such as nanofl uidic transistors or devices equipped with nanoelectrodes. Long Passage Times of Short ssDNA Molecules through Metallized Nanopores Fabricated by Controlled BreakdownHarold Kwok , * Matthew Waugh , José Bustamante , Kyle Briggs , and Vincent Tabard-Cossa * The fabrication of individual nanopores in metallized dielectric membranes using controlled breakdown directly in solution is described. Nanopores as small as 1.5-nm in diameter are fabricated in Au-coated silicon nitride membranes immersed in 1 M KCl by subjec...

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“…Another example incorporates small molecules that bind to specific short sequences of DNA, allowing spatial determination of identifying regions rather than individual nucleotides [60]. Finally, several groups are pursuing nanopore devices with incorporated nanoelectrodes [61, 62, 63, 64] to measure sequences using tunneling currents rather than trans-membrane ionic current. Each of these methods shows great potential for success.…”

Section: Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Nanopores: From Fabrication to Application

Hall

2012

Micros. Today

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There are relatively few technologies for measurement at the single-molecule scale. Fluorescent imaging, for example, can be used to directly visualize molecules and their interactions, but diffraction limitations and labeling requirements may push the system from its native state. Although recent advances in super-resolution imaging have been able to break this resolution barrier, important challenges remain. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is capable of imaging molecules at high resolution and at high speed. However, AFM imaging is a surface technique, requiring sample preparation and some immobilization. Other technologies such as optical tweezers and magnetic tweezers are capable of molecular manipulation and spectroscopy to great effect but require a significant apparatus and have limited inherent analytical capabilities.

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Embedding a carbon nanotube across the diameter of a solid state nanopore

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

The evolution of nanopore sequencing

The evolution of nanopore sequencing

Long Passage Times of Short ssDNA Molecules through Metallized Nanopores Fabricated by Controlled Breakdown

Solid-State Nanopores: From Fabrication to Application

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