Embedded Medical Devices: Pressure Volume Loops in Rodents

Miniature implantable telemetry system for pressure-volume cardiac monitoring

“…The PV telemetry system designed and tested in this thesis achieved significant reduction in the overall size and weight along with reported power consumption. For instance, in comparison with the latest reported research [25], this design is 58% smaller in volume, 44% in weight and 55% reduction in sampling power. In addition, future versions of the device will utilize sub-GHz bands to decrease tissue absorption and increase transmission range.…”

“…In its present form, the telemetry system has a total volume of 2.475 cm 3 with a weight of 4.0 g and is suitable for commercial application in medium sized subjects (large rats, rabbits, pigs, etc). The designed system is 58% smaller in volume, 44% in weight and has a 55% reduction in sampling power over the last reported research in PV telemetry [25,26]. The achievements in this work advances the field of implantable medical devices forward with the intention to be eventually used Safety Pharmacology drug studies to detect real-time changes in contractility using PV loop analysis.…”

“…In order to generate accurate PV loops it is essential to measure both pressure and volume data at the same time, thus a dual sensor approach is required. Limited research has been completed on implantable PV telemetry systems in literature, where only four systems have been developed [23][24][25]90], a detailed review of these systems along with other relevant works is provided in the following chapter. These devices are all limited by their size, weight, power consumption, and battery life to be implanted for long periods of time.…”

“…Although, improved over [90], there are still drawbacks and areas of improvement. This device was tested in large rats [23] and the size and weight of More recently, Loeffler et al [25,26] designed an admittance based telemetry system with a volume of 5.92 cm 3 and a weight of 7.2 g, Fig. 2…”

“…Loeffler's work represents the most recent published work [25,26] in implantable pressure- Figure 2.21: Implantable PV system developed by Loeffler [25,26] where a) shows the implant assembled with the battery; b) implant PCBs; and c) fully encapsulated implants. Implant is 5.92 cm 3 in volume and has a weight of 7.2 g. Figure 2.22: System designed by Holt [27] to measure volume in the right ventricle.…”