Embedded fiber optic Bragg grating (FBG) detonation velocity sensor

Benterou, Jerry; Bennett, C.V.; Cole, Garrett D.; Hare, David E.; May, Chadd; Udd, Eric; Mihailov, Stephen J.; Lü, Ping

doi:10.1117/12.819208

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…6 In Figure 2(a), light from an incoherent broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source (C-band: 1525 nm -1565 nm) is launched into a single-mode 3-port fiber circulator. The circulator directs light to the embedded FBG sensor in the experiment.…”

Section: Approach 1: Multi-channel Spectrally Resolved Fiber Bragg Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FBGs have been shown to provide fast measurement of detonation position and velocity monitoring while operating in the destructive mode. [5][6][7][8] Recently, Udd and colleagues demonstrated that embedded FBG show high speed (sub-μs) response to dynamic pressure and temperature in deflagration to detonation tests (DDT) 2 . Peak dynamic pressures and temperature up to 82 kbar and 400ºC were measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] Beyond static and quasi-static pressure loading, interest in FBGs arise from their potential use as pressure sensors in dynamic environments where loading occurs at very high strain rates as in shock wave physics, burning fuels, or high explosive events such as deflagrations and thermal explosions. [5][6][7][8] The pressures attained in these types of events are extremely high (up to several hundred kilobar) and can occur on timescales from tens of microseconds to nanoseconds. The goal of our ongoing studies is to determine whether FBGs and their associated recording systems are able to provide an accurate, high speed (ns-level), in-situ measure of pressure under compressive loading from shock waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

et al. 2014

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Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are developing into useful sensing tools for measuring high pressure dynamics in extreme environments under shock loading conditions. Approaches using traditional diode array coupled FBG interrogation systems are often limited to readout speeds in the sub-MHz range. For shock wave physics, required detection speeds approaching 100 MHz are desired. We explore the use of two types of FBG sensing systems that are aimed at applying this technology as embedded high pressure probes for transient shock events. Both approaches measure time resolved spectral shifts in the return light from short (few mm long) uniform FBGs at 1550 nm. In the first approach, we use a fiber coupled spectrometer to demultiplex spectral channels into an array (up to 12) of single element InGaAs photoreceivers. By monitoring the detectors during a shock impact event with high speed recording, we are able to track the pressure induced spectral shifting in FBG down to a time resolution of 20 ns. In the second approach, developed at the Special Technologies Lab, a coherent mode-locked fiber laser is used to illuminate the FBG sensor. After the sensor, wavelength-to-time mapping is accomplished with a chromatic dispersive element, and entire spectra are sampled using a single detector at the modelocked laser repetition rate of 50 MHz. By sampling with a 12 GHz InGaAs detector, direct wavelength mapping in time is recorded, and the pressure induced FBG spectral shift is sampled at 50 MHz. Here, the sensing systems are used to monitor the spectral shifts of FBGs that are immersed into liquid water and shock compressed using explosives. In this configuration, the gratings survive to pressures approaching 50 kbar. We describe both approaches and present the measured spectral shifts from the shock experiments.

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Section: Approach 1: Multi-channel Spectrally Resolved Fiber Bragg Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

et al. 2014

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“…Chirped fiber grating sensors have been used by Columbia Gorge Research in cooperation with Lawrence Livermore National Labs to measure velocity and position of during detonation [1][2][3][4][5] of highly energetic material. Columbia Gorge Research under a Phase I SBIR contract W31P4Q-10-C-0187 from the US Army conducted research on greatly extending this work to incorporate pressure and temperature measurement capabilities incorporating a series of innovations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvements to high-speed monitoring of events in extreme environments using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Udd

Benterou

2012

SPIE Proceedings

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An innovative system that allows the measurement of velocity, position, temperature and pressure during burn, deflagration and detonation of energetic materials has been developed. An initial demonstration of this system has been able to measure pressures up to 1,200,000 psi, and temperature changes of 400° C over a period of 25 microseconds. Both measurements were instrument limited.Improved instrumentation will allow extensions to 4,000,000 psi measurements and enhanced resolution of over and order of magnitude. This is the first time to our knowledge that measurements of velocity, position, temperature and pressure have been made interior to highly energetic materials during burn, deflagration and detonation. The technology is in its very early stages. It has great potential to make important near term measurements with significant further improvements being made as the technology begins to mature. Immediate application areas include assessment of the performance of solid rocket motor propellant materials, insensitive munitions and detailed measurements of high speed, energetic events. Additionally, continuous detonation wave velocities were measured inside of large explosive charges greater than 200 millimeters in length.

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“…Each of these applications involved monitoring mechanical motion of structures and thus interest was in speeds up to a few 10s of MHz. Most recently there has been interest in using fiber grating to monitor the very high speed events such as detonations [24][25][26] and this has led to utilization of fiber gratings that are consumed during an event that may require detection speeds of hundreds of MHz and in the future multiple GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of high-speed fiber optic grating sensor systems

et al. 2010

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Fiber grating sensors can be used to support a wide variety of high speed measurement applications. This includes measurements of vibrations on bridges, traffic monitoring on freeways, ultrasonic detection to support non-destructive tests on metal plates, and providing details of detonation events. This paper provides a brief overview of some of the techniques that have been used to support high speed measurements using fiber grating sensors over frequency ranges from 10s of kHz, to MHZ and finally toward frequencies approaching the GHz regime.

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Embedded fiber optic Bragg grating (FBG) detonation velocity sensor

Cited by 25 publications

References 2 publications

High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

High pressure sensing and dynamics using high speed fiber Bragg grating interrogation systems

Improvements to high-speed monitoring of events in extreme environments using fiber Bragg grating sensors

Review of high-speed fiber optic grating sensor systems

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