Emancipatie van affixen en affixoïden

Abstract

Emancipation of affixes and affixoids: degrammaticalization or lexicalization?Dutch is particularly rich in derivational morphology. It features a range of productive affixes and affixoids (morphemes which have a specialized meaning when used in compounds). In this paper we review different processes of emancipation (debonding) of both affixes and affixoids. Using a predefined set of criteria, based in part on Lehmann's parameters of grammaticalization, we outline morphological, syntactic and semantic characteristics of different affixes and affixoids that have undergone varying degrees of emancipation. The analysis shows that these parameters may be set differently in different morphological constructions, and also that they interact with one another in intricate ways. Some bound morphemes can only take scope over a phrase, whereas others come to be used as a free morpheme, which implies morphosyntactic changes as well as a change in semantics, e.g. hyperonymy or specialization. From the qualitative analysis based on our criteria it emerges that debonding of derivational affixes and affixoids is neither degrammaticalization nor lexicalization, but rather a process sui generis. １ InleidingAffixen zijn morfemen die per definitie altijd gebonden zijn aan een stam: dit geldt zowel voor prefixen of voorvoegsels (bv. ge-blaf, ver-kleur) als voor suffixen of achtervoegsels (bv. schoon-heid, blauw-achtig). Toch vertoont een aantal (derivationele) affixen een bepaalde graad van emancipatie; in

The fate of ‘pseudo-’ words

“…Debonding has been shown to be widespread in evaluative morphology, affecting different types of bound morphemes, including affixoids and affixes (among others Norde, 2009;Norde and Van Goethem, 2015;Oltra-Massuet, 2017). Accordingly, we would expect (qualifying) pseudo-to debond as well, and more decidedly so in languages towards the 'analytic' pole of the 'sandwiches', especially in English and French.…”

Cette mesure est-elle vraiment clé? A constructional approach to categorial gradience

“…Moreover, the use of nouns within compounds cannot be equated to bound uses of clitics and (inflectional and derivational) affixes, dealt with by Norde in her chapter on debonding (Norde, 2009: 186–227). If Norde and Van Goethem (2013 (ms)) argue that debonding of lexical affixes and affixoids should be seen as a process sui generis , to be distinguished from the debonding of clitics and grammatical affixes, this will all the more hold for the debonding of compound members with co-existing free counterparts. Finally, Van Goethem and De Smet (forthcoming) demonstrate that debonding is subject to language-specific constraints, such as the degree of cohesion of compounds.…”