Elucidation of Carotenoid Patterns in Citrus Products by Means of Comprehensive Normal-Phase × Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A novel approach for carotenoid analysis has been developed. Orange essential oil and juice carotenoids were separated by means of comprehensive dual-gradient elution HPLC, using normal phase with a microbore silica column in the first dimension (first D), reversed phase with a monolithic C18 column in the second dimension (second D), and a 10-port switching valve as an interface. An on-line photodiode array detector was used in order to obtain absorption spectra. Peak identification was obtained by combining retention data with the UV-visible spectra.

Assessing the Biosynthetic Capabilities of Secretory Glands inCitrusPeel

“…This is consistent with prior studies (McHale and Sheridan, 1989;Frérot and Decorzant, 2004;Dugo et al, 2010). Carotenoids had been described as minor components of cold-pressed Citrus oils (Dugo et al, 2006) but were undetectable in our microcapillary-collected grapefruit oil samples (Table I). Sterols and fatty acids, which had been quantified in Citrus seed oils (El-Adawy et al, 1999), were present at very low levels in the grapefruit peel oil we collected with microcapillaries (0.38% or less and 0.003% or less, respectively; Table I).…”

Effect of Thermal Processing on Astaxanthin and Astaxanthin Esters in Pacific White Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus v</i><i>annamei</i>

“…Peaks 1, 2 and 5 all had dominant ion of M H at m/z 597, and produced major MS 2 ions at m/z 579 M-H 2 O H , and 561 M-2H 2 O H , which were thought as isomers of astaxanthin. As reported previously 25 , due to the introduction of cis double bond, the maximum absorption in UV-vis spectra of all-trans-astaxanthin shifts to a shorter wavelength in shape to those of cis-isomers. Compared to all-trans-astaxanthin, 9-cis, and 13-cis isomers showed hypsochromic shifts between 4 nm and 8 nm 24 .…”

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis of anthocyanins

“…Various combinations of modes such as have been applied to the analysis phenolic compounds in a wide variety of samples, including NP-LC×RP-LC [146][147][148], HILIC×RP-LC [130,137,138,149,150] and RP-LC×RP-LC [144,[151][152][153][154][155][156]. The same separation mode may be applied in both the dimensions, as is the case with RP-LC×RP-LC, which has been demonstrated by Mondello and co-workers [144,151,153,156].…”