“…27−29 Tian et al synthesized V−K/Al 2 O 3 for the isobutane dehydrogenation process and demonstrated that V 4+ and V 3+ controlled the activity in the reduced state. 30 Keri et al investigated the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene over the V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 −Al 2 O 3 catalyst and found that the conversion rate directly depended on the active site of V 5+ . 31 However, the loaded V catalyst surface is susceptible to forming V 2 O 5 , which is dominated by acid, increasing the number of highly acidic sites and resulting in a decline in the catalytic activity.…”