Elucidating the biogeographical variation of the venom of Naja naja (spectacled cobra) from Pakistan through a venom-decomplexing proteomic study

Wong, Kin Ying; Tan, Choo Hock; Tan, Kae Yi; Quraishi, Naeem H.; Tan, Nget Hong

doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.012

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In Table 1 , the protein families discovered and reported for the first time in terms of our investigations are shown with check mark (✓). Interestingly previous studies reported PLA 2 as the second most abundant protein family found in N. naja venom, and that SVMP was present in relatively low abundance [ 8 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In contrast, our data showed SVMP as the second most abundant protein family in N. naja.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These snakes were previously known as Naja n. oxiana and Naja n. karachienis respectively, but now they are named according to the ITIS database [ 41 ]. Till now only a few studies have been reported about the proteomics of Pakistani N. naja [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The N. naja venom samples in these studies were collected from Southern Punjab and Sindh Province of Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomic Investigations of Two Pakistani Naja Snake Venoms Species Unravel the Venom Complexity, Posttranslational Modifications, and Presence of Extracellular Vesicles

Manuwar

Dreyer

Böhmert

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Latest advancement of omics technologies allows in-depth characterization of venom compositions. In the present work we present a proteomic study of two snake venoms of the genus Naja i.e., Naja naja (black cobra) and Naja oxiana (brown cobra) of Pakistani origin. The present study has shown that these snake venoms consist of a highly diversified proteome. Furthermore, the data also revealed variation among closely related species. High throughput mass spectrometric analysis of the venom proteome allowed to identify for the N. naja venom 34 protein families and for the N. oxiana 24 protein families. The comparative evaluation of the two venoms showed that N. naja consists of a more complex venom proteome than N. oxiana venom. Analysis also showed N-terminal acetylation (N-ace) of a few proteins in both venoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study revealing this posttranslational modification in snake venom. N-ace can shed light on the mechanism of regulation of venom proteins inside the venom gland. Furthermore, our data showed the presence of other body proteins, e.g., ankyrin repeats, leucine repeats, zinc finger, cobra serum albumin, transferrin, insulin, deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha, and other regulatory proteins in these venoms. Interestingly, our data identified Ras-GTpase type of proteins, which indicate the presence of extracellular vesicles in the venom. The data can support the production of distinct and specific anti-venoms and also allow a better understanding of the envenomation and mechanism of distribution of toxins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018726.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Investigations of Two Pakistani Naja Snake Venoms Species Unravel the Venom Complexity, Posttranslational Modifications, and Presence of Extracellular Vesicles

Manuwar

Dreyer

Böhmert

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Tan and coworkers characterized a significant cytotoxin contribution to the proteomic profile of the Malayan blue coral snake [ 28 ]. The proteomic profile of the Pakistan Naja naja was also recently documented [ 29 ], though there is no documentation of MHD and MND studies on the venoms from these elapids. The assessment of haemorrhagic activity in Micrurus pyrrhocryptus (a Latin American elapid) venom using these protocols in mice and rats produced negative results [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation-Altering Properties and Edema-Forming Effects of Zebra Snake (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) Venom

Kandiwa

Mushonga

Samkange

et al. 2018

Journal of Toxicology

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This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and haemotoxicity of the Western barred (zebra) spitting cobra (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) venom to help explain atypical and inconsistent reports on syndromes by Namibian physicians treating victims of human ophidian accidents. Freeze-dried venom milked from adult zebra snakes was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for use in this study. Haemorrhagic and necrotic activity of venom were studied in New Zealand albino rabbits. Oedema-forming activity was investigated in 10-day-old Cobb500 broiler chicks. Procoagulant and thrombolytic activity was investigated in adult Kalahari red goat blood in vitro. The rabbit skin minimum hemorrhagic dose (MHD) for N. n. nigricincta was 9.8μg. The minimum necrotizing dose (MND) for N. n. nigricincta venom was 12.2μg. The N. n. nigricincta venom showed linear dose-dependent procoagulant activity on goat blood (p<0.05). Likewise, N. n. nigricincta venom showed linear dose-dependent thrombolytic activity on goat blood (p<0.05, n = 6). Subplantar injection of N. n. nigricincta venom (25μg, 50μg, 75μg, and 100μg) into chick paw resulted in peak oedema of 35.5%, 38.5%, 42.9%, and 47.5%, respectively, two hours after injection. Paw oedema subsided within five hours to a mean volume ranging from 5% (25μg venom) to 17.6% (100μg venom). In conclusion, though N. n. nigricincta belongs to the genus Elapidae, the current study has shown its venom to possess potent hemorrhagic, necrotic (cytotoxic), and paradoxically, both procoagulant and thrombolytic activity. The authors propose further work to fractionate, isolate, and elucidate the structure of the various N. n. nigricincta venom toxins as a prelude to the development of an antivenom.

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“…This assay was performed for assessing the immunorecognition of antivenoms (DsMAV-Thai and SABU) against the eluted HPLC protein fractions with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol as previously described [30]. In brief, immunoplate wells were precoated overnight with 10 ng of HPLC eluted fractions of both Ds-Thailand and Ds-Indonesia.…”

Section: Immunoprofiling Of D Siamensis Venomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics and antivenom immunoprofiling of Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) venoms from Thailand and Indonesia

Lingam

Tan

2020

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Elucidating the biogeographical variation of the venom of Naja naja (spectacled cobra) from Pakistan through a venom-decomplexing proteomic study

Cited by 62 publications

References 60 publications

Proteomic Investigations of Two Pakistani Naja Snake Venoms Species Unravel the Venom Complexity, Posttranslational Modifications, and Presence of Extracellular Vesicles

Proteomic Investigations of Two Pakistani Naja Snake Venoms Species Unravel the Venom Complexity, Posttranslational Modifications, and Presence of Extracellular Vesicles

Quantitative Characterization of the Hemorrhagic, Necrotic, Coagulation-Altering Properties and Edema-Forming Effects of Zebra Snake (Naja nigricincta nigricincta) Venom

Proteomics and antivenom immunoprofiling of Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) venoms from Thailand and Indonesia

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