Elucidating the antibiofilm activity of Frangula emodin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

Abstract

Aims: Because the Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most well-known pathogens associated with medical devices and nosocomial infections, the aim of the study was to examine antibiofilm potential of emodin against it.Methods and Results: Antibacterial activity was examined through microdilution assay. Antibiofilm testing included crystal violet staining of biofilm biomass and morphology analysis by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, aerobic respiration was monitored using the Micro-Oxymax respirometer. For investigation of gene expression qRT-PCR was performed. Emodin demonstrated strong antibacterial activity and ability to inhibit biofilm formation of all tested strains. The effect on preformed biofilms was spotted in few strains. AFM revealed that emodin affects biofilm structure and roughness. Monitoring of respiration under emodin treatment in planktonic and biofilm form revealed that emodin influenced aerobic respiration.Moreover, qRT-PCR showed that emodin modulates expression of icaA, icaD, srrA and srrB genes, as well as RNAIII, and that this activity was strain-specific. Conclusion:The results obtained in this study indicate the novel antibiofilm activity of emodin and its multiple pathways of action. Significance and Impact of Study:This is the first study that examined pathways through which emodin expressed its antibiofilm activity.

Cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion as efficient antibiofilm agents to combat Acinetobacter baumannii

“…This type of response is better known as hormetic, i.e., the agents could induce either beneficial or detrimental effects, depending on applied concentration ( Bellavite et al, 2010 ; Calabrese, 2010 ). A similar result has been determined previously for emodin, which also induced a U-shape response in both biofilm formation and disruption screening ( Đukanović et al, 2022 ). Taking into account that the antibiofilm activity of cinnamon EO and especially EM, has not yet been fully investigated, the obtained results are significant especially when we consider that inhibition of initial cell binding can prevent further colonization and development of infection, and is therefore proposed as one of the strategies against the formation of bacterial biofilms ( Ghosh et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Antibiofilm assay was done in 96 well plates, with treatment concentrations range 1/64 MIC–MIC. Biofilm biomass was quantified with Crystal Violet (CV, Lach-Ner,s.r.o, Brno, Czech Republic) staining, as previously described by Đukanović et al (2022) with slight changes. Briefly, the medium prepared for the experiment was TSB (Tryptic Soy Broth, Titan Biotech Limited, Rajasthan, India) with added 0.5% glucose.…”

A Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptide Targeting Staphylococcus aureus with a Dual Function of Inhibiting Quorum Sensing Signaling and an Antibacterial Effect

“…Biofilm formation is an important factor in the development of drug resistance by S. aureus . As shown in Figure , all of the peptides inhibited S.…”

Recent advances in the discovery of plant-derived antimicrobial natural products to combat antimicrobial resistant pathogens: insights from 2018–2022

“…61 Đukanović et al demonstrated the antibiolm of emodin ( 9) isolated from Frangula alnus Mill., Rhamnaceae bark activity against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains. 62 Signicant biolm formation inhibition was observed in both strains at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg mL −1 with the highest concentration tested at 3.125 mg mL −1 . Emodin was also evaluated on mature biolms to determine its potential to eradicate biolm.…”