Elucidating carbohydrate metabolism in Euglena gracilis: Reverse genetics-based evaluation of genes coding for enzymes linked to paramylon accumulation

Muchut, Robertino J.; Calloni, Rodrigo D.; Arias, Diego Gustavo; Arce, Agustín Lucas; Iglesias, Alberto A.; Guerrero, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.016

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Paramylon is a glucose polymer that functions as storage, reaching 80% of the dry weight of Euglena sp. [22], [23]. Euglena sp.…”

Section: Paramylon Content and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Compounds of Euglena sp. on Mass Cultivation System under MgCl2 and CaCl2 Salt Stress

Suyono,

Luthfiana,

Raihan

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Euglena sp. is rich in primary and secondary metabolite compounds. This cosmopolitan organism can survive extreme conditions such as salt stress because it can increase cell growth rate and metabolism. This mass cultivation research uses an open pond system that is very vulnerable to contamination, so variations in salinity of MgCl2 and CaCl2 are used as treatments because they minimize contamination. The research examines the correlation of salt types to cell growth rate, biomass, monosaccharide profile, paramylon, pigment, and lipid of Euglena sp. Research methods include preparation, medium making, mass cultivation, and measurement of test parameters. Data were analyzed through One-Way ANOVA followed by DMRT, with a 5% confidence level. Based on the research result, the highest value of biomass and paramylon content and productivity at CaCl2 treatment with consecutive values 0.013 ± 0.001, 0.002 ± 0.000, 9.556 ± 0.070, and 0.149 ± 0.019. Monosaccharides analysis produced in the form of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and arabinose amounted to < 10 ppm. CaCl2 treatment produced the highest sucrose of 6251 ppm. The highest chlorophyll-a and carotenoid pigments are located at CaCl2 treatment, respectively (1.698 ± 0.051)b and (0.500 ± 0.032)b. At the same time, the salt treatment has a significant effect on lipid content. To summarize, almost all metabolite compounds were highest in CaCl2 treatment. This research is expected to contribute to developing the Euglena sp. mass cultivation system as a source of bioenergy and biomaterials.

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“…Paramylon is a glucose polymer that functions as storage, reaching 80% of the dry weight of Euglena sp. [22], [23]. Euglena sp.…”

Section: Paramylon Content and Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Compounds of Euglena sp. on Mass Cultivation System under MgCl2 and CaCl2 Salt Stress

Suyono,

Luthfiana,

Raihan

et al. 2024

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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“…Although Euglena sp. can grow photoautotrophically and heterotrophically, it is possible to obtain biomass mixotrophically with bioproduct content of commercial interest [40].…”

Section: Cultivation Of Euglena Sp and Supplementation Of Br-mixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass of Euglena gracilis Produced in Mineral Medium Supplemented with Craft Brewery Residue

Alves,

Rizzetti,

Linton

et al. 2024

Waste Biomass Valor

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Industrial waste from craft breweries can be used to grow microorganisms due to its high nutrient content. Reusing waste and reducing its improper disposal are great economic and environmental strategies. Thus, the objective was to cultivate Euglena sp. in benchtop 1-L photobioreactors using different concentrations of NPK-enriched (0.5-6.0 g L − 1 ) mineral medium with and without the supplementation with a mixture of brewing residues (BR-Mix) with increase of scale (30 L) and BR-Mix supplementation (30% v:v). Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, fatty acids, and antioxidant potential) were analyzed. The BR-Mix-supplemented medium (0.5 g L − 1 NPK) yielded 15.3 ± 1.4% lipids, 35.1 ± 0.1% proteins, 9.07 ± 0.001% carbohydrates, and 61.3% polyunsaturated totty acids. The antioxidant potential was 170.9 ± 26.3 µmol eq g − 1 of Trolox. Supplementing with 25% BR-Mix resulted in a different biomass composition compared to control (without supplementation): increasing the content of carbohydrates (38.5%), paramylon (91%), and lipids (17.38%), and reducing proteins (26,6%) and antioxidant potential (41,8 µmol eq g − 1 ). Statement of noveltyThe clean industrial residues collected from craft breweries present an opportunity for cultivating microorganisms, in special Euglena sp., an interesting microalgal biomass. This potential not only addresses waste management issues but also contributes to economic and environmental sustainability by reducing improper disposal. We examined the in uence of the brewery waste mixture on enhancing the Euglena sp. growth potential. The subsequent phase of our study involved scaling up the process to a 30 L photobioreactor. Throughout our investigation, we analyzed parameters such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and antioxidant potential under these conditions with a mineral medium and brewery waste.

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“…E. gracilis is a single cell flagellate eukaryote and photosynthetic organism with a complex evolutionary history. In fact, it may be classified as belonging to the kingdom Protista ( Muchut et al, 2021 ) or Algae (Khatiwada et al, 2020) . This complex background has contributed to what is now a great metabolic capacity, for producing high levels of diverse bioactive compounds ( Yoshioka et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytohormones enhance heavy metal responses inEuglena gracilis: evidence from uptake of Ni, Pb and Cd and linkages to hormonomic and metabolomic dynamics

Nguyen

Dang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Over the last decade, significant effort has been made to understand phytohormonal functions (e.g. cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA)) in metal stress responses of higher plants and algae. Despite the potential for these phytohormones to improve industrial remediation by Euglena gracilis (Euglenophyceae), no such roles have been elucidated for this highly adaptive species and its response to heavy metals. This study demonstrates that toxic metals (nickel, lead, cadmium) modify hormonal activity profiles (i.e., CK forms and their concentrations) in E.gracilis. Furthermore, exogenous ABA or CK (tZ) enabled higher metal uptake efficiency and alleviated metal toxicity through the regulation of endogenous CKs and gibberellins (GAs) levels. These responses suggest that E.gracilis regulates multiple phytohormone signals during metal stress acclimation. A deeper approach, using untargeted metabolomic analyses, gave more detailed insight into phytohormone-controlled pathways and associated modified metabolites, which were frequently related to metal accumulation and the physiological acclimation to metal presence. Significant changes in the levels of cellular metabolites, especially those involved in acclimation to metal stress, were under the influence of phytohormones in algal cells. When grown under metal stress conditions, the presence of exogenous ABA or CKs, caused changes in cellular metabolites which included those from: lipid pathways, riboflavin metabolism, the biosynthesis of cofactors/vitamins, and carbohydrate metabolism. Also, bioactive secondary metabolites (e.g., terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids) were modified in algal cells treated with phytohormones. Thus, the study gives a detailed view on the regulatory functions of ABA and CKs in algal metal bioremediation strategies, which are attributed to enhanced metal uptake and in the fine-tuning of plant hormone levels during metal stress response. The results can guide efforts to develop efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly methods for bioremediation.

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Elucidating carbohydrate metabolism in Euglena gracilis: Reverse genetics-based evaluation of genes coding for enzymes linked to paramylon accumulation

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Metabolite Compounds of Euglena sp. on Mass Cultivation System under MgCl2 and CaCl2 Salt Stress

Metabolite Compounds of Euglena sp. on Mass Cultivation System under MgCl2 and CaCl2 Salt Stress

Biomass of Euglena gracilis Produced in Mineral Medium Supplemented with Craft Brewery Residue

Phytohormones enhance heavy metal responses inEuglena gracilis: evidence from uptake of Ni, Pb and Cd and linkages to hormonomic and metabolomic dynamics

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