Elliptical Tracks: Evidence for Superluminal Electrons?

Abstract

In the literature of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), particle tracks in photographic emulsions (and other materials) associated with certain electrical discharges have been reported. Some Russian and French researchers have considered these particles to be magnetic monopoles. These tracks correspond directly to tracks created with a simple uniform exposure to photons without an electrical discharge source. This simpler method of producing tracks supports a comprehensive exploration of particle track properties. Out of 750 exposures with this method, elliptical particle tracks were detected, 22 of which were compared to Bohr-Sommerfeld electron orbits. Ellipses fitted to the tracks were found to have quantized semi-major axis sizes with ratios of n 2 /α 2 to corresponding Bohr-Sommerfeld hydrogen ellipses. This prompts inquiry relevant to magnetic monopoles due to the n 2 /α 2 force difference between magnetic charge and electric charge using the Schwinger quantization condition. A model using analogy with the electron indicates that the elliptical tracks could be created by a bound magnetically charged particle with mass mm = 1.45 × 10 −3 eV/c 2 , yet with superluminal velocities. Using a modified extended relativity model, mm becomes the relativistic mass of a superluminal electron, with m0 = 5.11 × 10 5 eV/c 2 , the fine structure constant becomes a mass ratio and charge quantization is the result of two states of the electron.

A New Spacetime Symmetry

“…A 1/r 2 central force would be required to create elliptic particle tracks in any nuclear track detector. The elliptic tracks are excellent fits for ellipses [1]. Particle-like structure resulting from 1/r 2 central force strongly indicates that these detected tracks are caused by particles.…”

“…4 of Ref. [1]). A 1/r 2 central force would be required to create elliptic particle tracks in any nuclear track detector.…”

“…In total darkness or with the appropriate safelight, a relatively uniform exposure of photons is created from white LEDs of about 1200 mcd at a distance of 6cm from the surface of a lith emulsion such as Arista Ortho Litho 3.0 for a time of about 250 ms. Any additional imagewise exposures, during exposure to the ambient environment, as in a cosmic ray study, will be amplified using this technique. [1,12,13].…”

“…In 2014, experiments were undertaken to determine if these particles could be affected by electric or magnetic fields [1]. Although no repeatable particle curvature resulted from applied electric or magnetic fields, elliptic tracks were found, often in conjunction with decay events [1]. The elliptic tracks add to the known properties [12] of the detected particle tracks.…”

“…Recent experiments [1] may provide insight into the development of a theory of faster-than-light particles. Detected quantized elliptic particle tracks with sizes 137 2 n 2 bigger than Bohr-Sommerfeld electron orbits, associated with the Dirac quantization condition, lead to elementary lengths, which are mapped to extended relativity and result in a new type of superluminal transformation.…”