Elizabeth and John: sound patterns of men's and women's names

Cutler, Anne; McQueen, James M.; Robinson, K.

doi:10.1017/s0022226700014754

Cited by 85 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Our analysis of name order preferences differs from earlier linguistic explanations of such preferences (Cutler et al, 1990;Wright et al, 2005). Hypotheses based on static linguistic differences between women's andmen's names are unable to explain the kinds of situational variation in name order preferences shown here.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…Linguists have highlighted two plausible reasons why men's names might habitually go before women's: name phonology and name popularity. In English, men's names typically contain fewer syllables than women's names, are less likely to begin or end in vowels, and are more likely to begin and end in obstruent, hardersounding consonants (Barry & Harper, 1995;Cassidy, Kelly, & Sharoni, 1999;Cutler, McQueen, & Robinson, 1990;Lieberson & Bell, 1992;Slater & Feinman, 1985). These statistical differences may reflect different linguistic roots of female and male names in English (Hough, 2000), and the differences are sufficiently robust that connectionist models, human children, and human adults can all consistently predict the gender of real and nonsense names (Cassidy et al, 1999;Lieberson & Mikelson, 1995;Whissell, 2001).…”

Section: Linguistic Explanations Of Name Order Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These statistical differences may reflect different linguistic roots of female and male names in English (Hough, 2000), and the differences are sufficiently robust that connectionist models, human children, and human adults can all consistently predict the gender of real and nonsense names (Cassidy et al, 1999;Lieberson & Mikelson, 1995;Whissell, 2001). Phonological differences between female and male English names have been hypothesized to be both a cause (Wright, Hay, & Bent, 2005) and a consequence (Cutler et al, 1990) of the preference to address men before women.…”

Section: Linguistic Explanations Of Name Order Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When gentlemen are first and ladies are last: Effects of gender stereotypes on the order of romantic partners' names

Hegarty

Watson

Fletcher

et al. 2011

British J Social Psychol

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A preference to name stereotypically masculine before stereotypically feminine individuals explains why men are typically named before women, as on the Internet, for example (Study 1). Heterosexual couples are named with men's names first more often when such couples are imagined to conform to gender stereotypes (Studies 2 and 3). First named partners of imaginary same-sex couples are attributed more stereotypically masculine attributes (Study 4). Familiarity bounds these effects of stereotypes on name order. People name couples they know well with closer people first (Study 5), and consequently name familiar heterosexual couples with members of their own gender first (Study 6). These studies evidence a previously unknown effect of the semantics of gender stereotypes on sentence structure in the everyday use of English.William Shakespeare never wrote plays titled 'Juliet and Romeo', 'Cressida and Troilus', or 'Cleopatra and Anthony'. Had he done so, he would have flouted the prescriptions of grammarians of his time who advised that 'in speaking at the leaste, let us kepe a natural order, and set the man before the woman for manners sake' (Wilson, 1553, cited in Bodine, 1975. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, English grammarians argued for the correctness, naturalness, and propriety of naming men before women on the grounds that men were the worthier and the more comprehensive sex (Bodine, 1975). Few psychologists are familiar with this history of proscribing a male-first order in binomial phrases (Malkiel, 1959) such as 'king and queen', 'his and hers', 'Mr and Mrs', or the names of romantic couples in the titles of Shakespeare's plays. To our knowledge, Brown (1986, p. 484) is the only psychologist who has ever described the prescription to name men before women as a case of sexist language.We think that Brown (1986) was right, and his recognition went unacknowledged. Specifically, we propose that while the original sexist prescriptions to name men before women may be largely forgotten, gender stereotypes continue to affect how people order the names of romantic partners. Indeed, far from being a phenomenon of the past, such [page 22] effects are evident in very modern contexts, such as Internet websites and the naming of lesbian and gay couples. Our hypothesis that gender stereotypes affect the ordering of names draws together social psychological research on gender stereotypes, cognitive, and linguistic studies of word order, and recent findings that gender stereotypes affect the ordering of visual representations of women and men in pictures (Maass,

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Linguistic Explanations Of Name Order Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linguistic Explanations Of Name Order Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

When gentlemen are first and ladies are last: Effects of gender stereotypes on the order of romantic partners' names

Hegarty

Watson

Fletcher

et al. 2011

British J Social Psychol

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“…So warnt auch der Onomast Wilfried Seibicke (2002) . Unisex-Namen in den USA Zunächst haben verschiedene Arbeiten wie die von Slater/Feinman (1985), Cutler et al (1990), Lieberson/Mikelson (1995), Cassidy et al (1999), Hough (2000) und Fredrickson (2007) (Cutler et al 1985).…”

Section: Unnaming Genderunclassified

Luca und Noah – Das phonologische Degendering von Jungennamen seit der Jahrtausendwende

Nübling¹

2018

Namen Und Geschlechter

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“…There is also a relationship between the form and function of a nickname and the gender of the referent (Busse 1983;Slater and Feinman 1985;Cutler, McQueen, and Robinson 1990;Phillips 1990;Wierzbicka 1992;Bosch 1996, 1997). For example, males are more likely than females to assign and use nicknames, and female nicknames tend to be affectionate rather than disparaging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicknames and the Lexicon of Sports

Kennedy¹,

Zamuner²

2006

American Speech

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This article examines the structure and usage of nicknames given to professional hockey and baseball players. Two general types are observed: a phrasal referring expression and a single-word hypocoristic. The phrasal nickname is descriptive but is only used referentially, usually in sports narrative. The hypocoristic is used for both reference and address and may be descriptive or shortened from a formal name. In addition, its inclusion of a hypocoristic suffix is sensitive to the segmental content of the shortened form. A model of nickname assignment is proposed in which the creation of any kind of nickname is treated as enriching the lexicon. This model relates nicknames to other types of specialized or elaborate referring expressions and encodes the social meaning of nicknames and other informal names in the lexicon.

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Elizabeth and John: sound patterns of men's and women's names

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

When gentlemen are first and ladies are last: Effects of gender stereotypes on the order of romantic partners' names

When gentlemen are first and ladies are last: Effects of gender stereotypes on the order of romantic partners' names

Luca und Noah – Das phonologische Degendering von Jungennamen seit der Jahrtausendwende

Nicknames and the Lexicon of Sports

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