Elites and Political Development in Pakistan

Hussain, Asaf

doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.1976.tb00980.x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Every dictatorship emphasized an ideology to justify their systems, and each elite group mobilized resources to change the state and protect its interests. Political elites now make up a large portion of the cabinet of the Pakistani government and wield most of the political power (Hussain, 1976as cited in Ashfaq & Roofi, 2021.…”

Section: This Pakistan's Democratic Landscape: a Comprehensive Analys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Democratic Conundrum: Introspecting Complexities and Dynamics in Pakistan's Political Landscape

Chatterjee

2023

Religion and Policy Journal

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Research Problem: This research aims to explore the main obstacles hindering Pakistan's democratic transition, including weak economic policies, structural imbalances, and military interference, all of which have led to insecurity, conflict, and the oppression of civilian rule. In addition, this research also aims to understand Pakistan's political culture which combines autocratic and democratic ideologies, as well as how political satisfaction with different regimes impacts the acceptance of military regimes and the inability of marginalized groups to express their opinions under authoritarian rule. Research purposes: The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the main challenges facing Pakistan's democracy, including issues of partisanship and segregation practices, as well as to understand historical and current issues that can help identify changes needed to strengthen democracy in Pakistan. Research methods: This research uses a descriptive-analytical approach by collecting data through literature reviews and analysis of official documents, such as government reports and international agency reports. Interdisciplinary analysis is used to understand the impact of historical and socio-cultural factors on the development of democracy in Pakistan. Results and Discussion: The research results show that the main challenges to Pakistan's democracy include fraudulent electoral processes, political centralization, segregation, and biased party politics. The lack of a dynamic civil society and military domination of civilian government are contributing factors to the failure of democracy in Pakistan. Discussions of history and current issues also provide insight into the changes needed to improve democracy in the country. Research Implications and Contributions: This research has important implications for policymakers and stakeholders interested in improving democracy in Pakistan. By understanding and identifying the challenges faced, this research can provide guidance for developing appropriate strategies and measures to strengthen democracy and promote political inclusion in Pakistan.

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Section: This Pakistan's Democratic Landscape: a Comprehensive Analys...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Democratic Conundrum: Introspecting Complexities and Dynamics in Pakistan's Political Landscape

Chatterjee

2023

Religion and Policy Journal

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“…They are mostly belonging to landlords' families that existed during the British period. The major landowning elite group led to the ethnicization of political forces of the NWFP and Baluchistan on one side, Sind and Punjab on the other (Hussain, 1979). "However, over the years this began to change with the state civil and military bureaucracy getting integrated into the elite and also using state resources to create other elite groups" (Siddiqa, 2012).…”

Section: Elites Their Role and Behaviour In The Political System Of P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elite Political Culture as Problematic for Liberal Democracy in Pakistan: A Critical Study

Ashfaq

Roofi

2021

J. S. Asian Stud.

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The elite political culture of Pakistan is comparatively feudalistic in nature as the base of power in the state. Political culture may be defined as how many people participate in the political procedure. It is a system of beliefs upon which a large majority of people agree. The history of the political culture of Pakistan has witnessed the domination of multiple elite groups. These major elites had influences on the political system. Gaetano Mosca, the founder of the Italian school of elitism enumerated the personal traits of these ruling elites, operating centrally as direct power holders of the body politics, The purpose of this research is to critically study the elite political culture and problematics created by this group for liberal democracy. This research will present the concept of elite political culture and how it emerged in the politics of Pakistan. It will also conclude that how elite political culture distorted or eclipsed specifically the smooth functioning of the liberal democratic political system of the state and society in general. For the completion of the proposed study, both primary, as well as secondary sources, have been used. While undertaking any research a peculiar methodology is applied to obtain the objectives of the study. Historical, narrative, descriptive, analytical and conceptual research methodology is applied. This is a descriptive analysis of elitism and presents this concept through different authors who treated this subject in different manners.

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“…The reason for the separation of Pakistan has to be found in the role of ruling elites of Pakistan. The argument has been advanced that East Pakistan's economic and political welfare and rights were neglected by the bureaucratic and corporate elites in the government in West Pakistan who were intent on pursuing their self-interests (Hussain, 1976). Ali (2004, p. 137)…”

Section: Separation Of East Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Elites in Pakistan: Creation, Contestations, Continuity

Shoukat

Gomez

Cheong³

2017

MJES

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This study examines the creation of power elites in Pakistan and how they have come to acquire a prominent presence in this country's economy. The article deals with an interesting paradox: how have power elites, in constant contestation with each other, managed to collectively maintain their presence in this country's economy? The complex concept of power is reviewed here by deconstructing the state to understand where it lies and how it is deployed to attain different, even contradictory, objectives. This study highlights, in historical perspective, the way power has been employed, expressed, and legitimised. The exercise and maintenance of power is framed through an inter-disciplinary framework that encompasses political as well as socioeconomic dimensions.

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Elites and Political Development in Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Democratic Conundrum: Introspecting Complexities and Dynamics in Pakistan's Political Landscape

Democratic Conundrum: Introspecting Complexities and Dynamics in Pakistan's Political Landscape

Elite Political Culture as Problematic for Liberal Democracy in Pakistan: A Critical Study

Power Elites in Pakistan: Creation, Contestations, Continuity

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