Elimination of tropical disease through surveillance and response

Zhou, Xiao‐Nong; Bergquist, Robert; Tanner, Marcel

doi:10.1186/2049-9957-2-1

Cited by 122 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This approach is particularly suitable domestically for the needs of a country as large as China. It is also needed for the health of its citizens who, in increasing numbers, travel to other countries and stay overseas (130). As a country of increasing significance, there is a further need for China to join the international efforts to assist developing and underdeveloped nations in their struggles with the plight of zoonotic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis in China: an Endemic Disease under Control

Lun¹,

Wu²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARYVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused byLeishmaniaspp. is an important vector-borne and largely zoonotic disease. In China, three epidemiological types of VL have been described: anthroponotic VL (AVL), mountain-type zoonotic VL (MT-ZVL), and desert-type ZVL (DT-ZVL). These are transmitted by four different sand fly species:Phlebotomus chinensis,P. longiductus,P. wui, andP. alexandri.In 1951, a detailed survey of VL showed that it was rampant in the vast rural areas west, northwest, and north of the Yangtze River. Control programs were designed and implemented stringently by the government at all administrative levels, resulting in elimination of the disease from most areas of endemicity, except the western and northwestern regions. The control programs consisted of (i) diagnosis and chemotherapy of patients, (ii) identification, isolation, and disposal of infected dogs, and (iii) residual insecticide indoor spraying for vector control. The success of the control programs is attributable to massive and effective mobilization of the general public and health workers to the cause. Nationally, the annual incidence is now very low, i.e., only 0.03/100,000 according to the available 2011 official record. The overwhelming majority of cases are reported from sites of endemicity in the western and northwestern regions. Here, we describe in some depth and breadth the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease, with particular reference to the control programs. Pertinent information has been assembled from scattered literature of the past decades in different languages that are not readily accessible to the scientific community. The information provided constitutes an integral part of our knowledge on leishmaniasis in the global context and will be of special value to those interested in control programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis in China: an Endemic Disease under Control

Lun¹,

Wu²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…Possible controls include antihelminthic drugs; snail population management; public health education; and improved access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (28,29). Both urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis forms coexist in Burkina Faso, caused by Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni, respectively (23).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrology and density feedbacks control the ecology of intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis across habitats in seasonal climates

Perez-Saez

Mandé

Ceperley

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We report about field and theoretical studies on the ecology of the aquatic snails (Bulinus spp. and Biomphalaria pfeifferi) that serve as obligate intermediate hosts in the complex life cycle of the parasites causing human schistosomiasis. Snail abundance fosters disease transmission, and thus the dynamics of snail populations are critically important for schistosomiasis modeling and control. Here, we single out hydrological drivers and density dependence (or lack of it) of ecological growth rates of local snail populations by contrasting novel ecological and environmental data with various models of host demography. Specifically, we study various natural and manmade habitats across Burkina Faso's highly seasonal climatic zones. Demographic models are ranked through formal model comparison and structural risk minimization. The latter allows us to evaluate the suitability of population models while clarifying the relevant covariates that explain empirical observations of snail abundance under the actual climatic forcings experienced by the various field sites. Our results link quantitatively hydrological drivers to distinct population dynamics through specific density feedbacks, and show that statistical methods based on model averaging provide reliable snail abundance projections. The consistency of our ranking results suggests the use of ad hoc models of snail demography depending on habitat type (e.g., natural vs. man-made) and hydrological characteristics (e.g., ephemeral vs. permanent). Implications for risk mapping and space-time allocation of control measures in schistosomiasisendemic contexts are discussed.freshwater snails | water-based disease | infection controls | environmental monitoring

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“…The creation of an investigative framework, capable of identifying risk through an integrated approach, should assist in designing evidence-based control strategies to be applied in the process of schistosomiasis elimination in P.R. China (Zhou et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma japonicum risk in Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China: identification of a spatio-temporal risk pattern along the Yangtze River

Yang

YouSheng

et al. 2013

Geospat Health

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Abstract. The risk for Schistosoma japonicum infection in Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China, was investigated by a mouse bioassay. Various investigations were conducted in the period 2009-2011 with the presentation here representing the summary of the results from 45-50 sites in the marshlands along the Yangtze River's course through the province. Indices representing three aspects of the infection were collected to assess risk: (i) the proportion of sentinel points where at least one mouse infection was recorded; (ii) the proportion of infected mice at each of these sites; and (iii) the average worm burdens. Directional distribution analysis and scan statistics were used to explore the spatio-temporal risk pattern. The spatial distribution was oriented along the Yangtze River and the directional distributions for the proportion of infected mice and mean worm burdens were similar for the positive sentinel sites. Four statistically significant clusters were detected in 2009, but only one in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Temporal windows for infection risk were seen in June and September. The study illustrates the utility of spatio-temporal analysis in assessing the risk for schistosomiasis. This approach should be useful with respect to surveillance and response that can be expected to be increasingly applied when moving from morbidity control to transmission control.

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Elimination of tropical disease through surveillance and response

Cited by 122 publications

References 38 publications

Visceral Leishmaniasis in China: an Endemic Disease under Control

Visceral Leishmaniasis in China: an Endemic Disease under Control

Hydrology and density feedbacks control the ecology of intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis across habitats in seasonal climates

Schistosoma japonicum risk in Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China: identification of a spatio-temporal risk pattern along the Yangtze River

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