Elimination of schistosomiasis haematobia as a public health problem in five governorates in Upper Egypt

Haggag, Ayat A.; Rabiee, Amal; Elaziz, Khaled M. Abd; Gabrielli, Albis Francesco; Abdelhai, Rehab; Hashish, Alaa; Jabbour, Jean; Ramzy, Reda M. R.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.024

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although there was no age difference between schistosomiasis cases and noninfected subjects ( p = 0.610), the majority of schistosomiasis cases were males ( n = 169; 90.9%) compared to females, and the difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.043). Our data are consistent with previous reports from Egypt and other African countries describing higher prevalence of schistosomiasis among male individuals, who were 2.9 times more likely to be infected than females and accounted for 72% of heavy intensity infections in Upper Egypt districts [14-16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

An Update on the Epidemiological Features of Imported Schistosomiasis and Cystic Echinococcosis in Kuwait, 2010–2018

2021

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Objective: Kuwait is considered a non-endemic country for most parasitic infections. However, ~70% of 4.7 million residents in Kuwait are expatriates from Asian and African countries which are endemic for parasitic infections. Results of microbiological investigations for schistosomiasis and cystic echinococcosis performed in a reference national laboratory were retrospectively collected and analyzed to provide an insight on the epidemiology of these two neglected tropical diseases in Kuwait. Subjects and Methods: Schistosoma infection in fecal and urine specimens from suspected patients was detected by microscopy. Schistosoma and CE infections were also detected by indirect hemagglutination assays using blood specimens. Patients’ epidemiological data were extracted from the laboratory records. Results: The overall prevalence rates of schistosomiasis and CE were 19.0% and 5.8%, respectively. Almost all schistosomiasis cases were seen among Egyptians, especially among males, and a significantly higher prevalence (P <0.05) was seen for CE cases among the Syrian residents. A decreasing annual trend was observed for both the parasitic infections over time in Kuwait. Conclusion: Schistosomiasis is not autochthonous in Kuwait as all cases were detected among immigrants from Schistosoma-endemic countries. The decreasing trend is likely attributed to successful implementation of national and WHO strategies to control and prevent schistosomiasis in endemic countries. Our data showed that CE remains endemic among humans and livestock in Kuwait as is also seen in other Middle Eastern countries. Further investigations on the prevalence of CE in camels, livestock animals and dogs harboring the adult worm are needed to help estimate the true incidence of CE in humans in Kuwait.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

An Update on the Epidemiological Features of Imported Schistosomiasis and Cystic Echinococcosis in Kuwait, 2010–2018

2021

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“…13,41,42 The national schistosomiasis control program NSCP implemented a strategy for the elimination of schistosomiasis caused by S. haematobium in Egypt, based on interruption of its transmission by its intermediate host and mass therapy with praziquantel. 12 Despite the consistent reduction in the prevalence of infection, some governorates in Upper Egypt, Sohag, Qena, and Aswan, still show a significant incidence of disease. 43 Praziquantel has demonstrated high efficacy in disease control in various endemic regions, although its use has led to the emergence of strains that tolerate large doses of the medication through its widespread use in mass control measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primer A09 showed the highest number of polymorphic bands (12). DNA fragments at 527 bp and 902 bp were amplified in almost all samples with high similarity.…”

Section: Rapd Polymorphism Among Schistosoma Haematobium Human Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…1 In Egypt, the prevalence of S. haematobium has decreased, now ranging from 0% to 13.9%, due to the implementation of national control programs. 12,13 The clinical picture of S. haematobium varies widely, ranging from mild hematuria with or without gross bladder wall pathology to serious renal disease. Cancer of the bladder may be associated with the course of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Genetic Diversity of <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt</p>

El-Kady

El-Amir

Hassan

et al. 2020

IDR

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Introduction: Schistosomiasis is an important neglected tropical disease (NTD) in several developing countries. Praziquantel is the principle and efficacious chemotherapeutic agent that has been used to treat schistosomiasis for decades. Unfortunately, emerging resistance to praziquantel with accompanying reduced efficacy is reported in some localities. Hence, genetic diversity among parasite populations is of significant interest in assessing the effects of selective pressure generated by praziquantel therapy that might result in encouraging the emergence of new genotypes that are either non-susceptible or drug-resistant. The present study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium among human populations using the RAPD technique to help clarify disease epidemiology and transmission. Materials and Methods: S. haematobium eggs were isolated from 50 of 134 patients from four different localities in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt. These patients complained of terminal hematuria and burning micturition. Samples were used for molecular analysis using RAPD-PCR primers (A02, A07, A09, A10). Results: Twenty S. haematobium isolates (40%) were amplified using the selected RAPD primers. Amplification patterns of these isolates showed distinct variation in the size and number of amplified fragments, indicating high genetic variation among these isolates. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the genetic diversity of S. haematobium in human populations in Upper Egypt. Future studies on a larger geographic scale involving many districts in Upper Egypt should be encouraged. Information from such a study would provide better insight into clonal lineages of S. haematobium in this endemic area. In turn, understanding transmission of the parasite may have a major role in establishing control strategies for urogenital schistosomiasis in Upper Egypt.

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“…By the end of 2010, only 29 villages had prevalence more than 3% and none had more than 10%. In 2018, Haggag et al [5] studied the prevalence of S. haematobium infection among schoolchildren in some Upper Egyptian governorates, where schistosomiasis haematobium is known to be prevalent. They found that the prevalence in Sohag, Beni-Suef and Minya governorates was 2.4%, 1.2% and 1.2%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a developed IMB based-ELISA in diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in areas at risk in Upper Egypt

Mahmoud

Saad

Bayoumi

et al. 2021

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Nanotechnology enables researchers to boost accuracy of the existing diagnostic techniques. Immunomagnetic beads (IMB) based-ELISA was utilized to diagnose several parasitic diseases; schistosomiasis mansoni and japonicum, toxoplasmosis and neurocysticercosis. Objectives: The present work aims to develop and evaluate a novel nano-diagnostic assay using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in ELISA (IMB based-ELISA) for the diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. Subjects and Methods: IMB based-ELISA assay was developed by preparation of polycolonal antibodies (pAbs) against Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA). The developed novel assay was evaluated in urine samples of 290 schoolchildren collected from primary and preparatory schools in four villages in Beni-Suef governorate, Egypt. Urine samples were screened by chemical reagent strips (Combi 10) and examined by urine microscopy (UM). The conventional ELISA technique was used to evaluate the efficacy of IMB based-ELISA using UM as the gold standard method for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis. Results: The novel IMB based-ELISA assay succeeded to diagnose 50 out of 290 schoolchildren (17.2%). In comparison with other methods, results showed that 39/290 (13.4%) were positive by UM and 53/290 (18.3%) by conventional ELISA. A sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the evaluated ELISA assay using UM as the gold standard method were 94.87%, 95.22% and 94.48% respectively. It was observed that Combi-10 gave sensitivity and specificity of 35.9% and 94.9% respectively for microhaematuria and proteinuria. Conclusion: IMB-ELISA based on AuNPs provides a more rapid as well as sensitive detection of SEA in urine samples of patients with active schistosomiasis. Its high sensitivity and specificity ensure its application in field studies. Additionally, urinary schistosomiasis proved highly prevalent in schoolchildren living in Beni-Suef villages.

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Elimination of schistosomiasis haematobia as a public health problem in five governorates in Upper Egypt

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

An Update on the Epidemiological Features of Imported Schistosomiasis and Cystic Echinococcosis in Kuwait, 2010–2018

An Update on the Epidemiological Features of Imported Schistosomiasis and Cystic Echinococcosis in Kuwait, 2010–2018

<p>Genetic Diversity of <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em> in Qena Governorate, Upper Egypt</p>

Evaluation of a developed IMB based-ELISA in diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in areas at risk in Upper Egypt

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