Abstract:Rhodnius prolixus is one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. In Central America, it was first discovered in 1915 in El Salvador, from where it spread northwest to Guatemala and Mexico, and southeast to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, arriving also in Honduras in the late 1950s. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) by the antimalaria services of Costa Rica prevented its spread southwards, and similar IRS programmes appear to have eliminated it from El Salvador by the late 1970s. In … Show more
“…Specifically, of the 4,871 triatomine bugs detected, 2,525 (51.8%) corresponded to T. dimidiata and 2,346 (48.2%) to R. prolixus; 19% of triatomines were infected with T. cruzi, and 28.9% were infected with either Trypanosoma rangeli or with both T. cruzi and T. rangeli [17]. However, R. prolixus was last detected in El Salvador in 1976 [18] and officially declared by the PAHO to have been eliminated from the country in 2010 [7][8][9].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In El Salvador, elimination of R. prolixus was confirmed officially in 2010 by the IPCA [7][8][9]. However, El Salvador continues to be regarded as a country highly endemic for Chagas disease, as the national estimated positive serology rate for T. cruzi among blood donors is higher than that in other endemic countries in Central America.…”
Introduction: El Salvador is regarded as a highly endemic country for Chagas disease, as evidenced by the relatively high estimated positive serology rate for Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to this high rate by analyzing changes in T. cruzi seroprevalence. Methodology: Secondary data were collected from 31 blood banks operated by the Ministry of Health, the Red Cross, the Institute of Salvadoran Social Security, and the Military Hospital. The data were analyzed to determine the number of cases of T. cruzi seropositivity, and the average prevalence of seropositivity by province. Simple linear regression was performed to identify trends in T. cruzi seropositivity. Results: Analysis of the 885,187 blood samples collected between 2001 and 2011 revealed 21,693 cases of transfusion-related infections, with a significant reduction of T. cruzi seropositivity from 3.7% in 2001 to 1.7% in 2011, reflecting a 54% decrease over the course of a decade (R 2 = 89.6%, p > 0.001). T. cruzi seroprevalence decreased in San Salvador, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, and Cuscatlán. In contrast, seroprevalence remained high with no decrease in Ahuachapán and San Vicente, and consistently low in the remainder of the country. Conclusions: Although the national prevalence of T. cruzi among blood donors has decreased, it remains high in the provinces of Ahuachapán and San Vicente. Strengthening vector control activities and developing an approach for the systematic follow-up of prospective blood donors with positive serology for T. cruzi are required, especially in areas with high seropositivity.
“…Specifically, of the 4,871 triatomine bugs detected, 2,525 (51.8%) corresponded to T. dimidiata and 2,346 (48.2%) to R. prolixus; 19% of triatomines were infected with T. cruzi, and 28.9% were infected with either Trypanosoma rangeli or with both T. cruzi and T. rangeli [17]. However, R. prolixus was last detected in El Salvador in 1976 [18] and officially declared by the PAHO to have been eliminated from the country in 2010 [7][8][9].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In El Salvador, elimination of R. prolixus was confirmed officially in 2010 by the IPCA [7][8][9]. However, El Salvador continues to be regarded as a country highly endemic for Chagas disease, as the national estimated positive serology rate for T. cruzi among blood donors is higher than that in other endemic countries in Central America.…”
Introduction: El Salvador is regarded as a highly endemic country for Chagas disease, as evidenced by the relatively high estimated positive serology rate for Trypanosoma cruzi among blood donors. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to this high rate by analyzing changes in T. cruzi seroprevalence. Methodology: Secondary data were collected from 31 blood banks operated by the Ministry of Health, the Red Cross, the Institute of Salvadoran Social Security, and the Military Hospital. The data were analyzed to determine the number of cases of T. cruzi seropositivity, and the average prevalence of seropositivity by province. Simple linear regression was performed to identify trends in T. cruzi seropositivity. Results: Analysis of the 885,187 blood samples collected between 2001 and 2011 revealed 21,693 cases of transfusion-related infections, with a significant reduction of T. cruzi seropositivity from 3.7% in 2001 to 1.7% in 2011, reflecting a 54% decrease over the course of a decade (R 2 = 89.6%, p > 0.001). T. cruzi seroprevalence decreased in San Salvador, Santa Ana, Sonsonate, and Cuscatlán. In contrast, seroprevalence remained high with no decrease in Ahuachapán and San Vicente, and consistently low in the remainder of the country. Conclusions: Although the national prevalence of T. cruzi among blood donors has decreased, it remains high in the provinces of Ahuachapán and San Vicente. Strengthening vector control activities and developing an approach for the systematic follow-up of prospective blood donors with positive serology for T. cruzi are required, especially in areas with high seropositivity.
“…Chaque jour pourtant, et cela depuis plusieurs dizaines d'années, ces travaux donnent lieu à une bonne douzaine de publications scientifiques de niveau international. De même, ne sont ni rappelées ni même citées les grandes initiatives régionales (INCOSUR pour les pays du Cône Sud, IPA pour les pays du Pacte andin, IPCA pour les pays d'Amérique centrale) prises successivement, sous l'égide de la PAHO, pour contrôler, voire éliminer, la transmission vectorielle [14,24,28,37]. Pourtant, grâce à ces initiatives, la prévalence de la maladie a été réduite en moins de 20 ans de plus de 50 % et son incidence de pratiquement 90 % [26].…”
Résumé Maladie de Chagas et sida ne sauraient être associés, voire confondus sous un même vocable sans distordre la réalité, comme cela a été fait dans un article médical récent intitulé : Chagas disease: "The New HIV/AIDS of the Americas". Si la maladie de Chagas, comme bien d'autres « maladies négligées », présente sur certains points, et en apparence seulement, quelques ressemblances avec le sida, elle s'en différencie en effet sur de nombreux autres qui sont essentiels. Abstract Chagas disease and AIDS: the same terminology cannot be used to associate, let alone confuse, these two diseases with one another without distorting reality, as was done in a recent
Mots clés
“…In 2011, Honduras and Nicaragua were also in the process of eliminating the disease transmission due to this vector (Hashimoto & Schofield 2012). Despite the improvements regarding R. prolixus, the current situation for T. dimidiata, a native species found in all Central American countries in domestic, peridomestic habitats and even urban areas, presents a permanent challenge to the control strategy for Chagas disease in the area.…”
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