Elimination of motion and pulsation artifacts using BLADE sequences in knee MR imaging

Optimization Image Quality of Knee MRI Sagital Plane T2 Weighted TSE Sequences with Variations of Echo Train Length (ETL) on Cartesian and Blade Technique

“…In the Cartesian technique the process of entering data from the acquisition into the K-space follows the Cartesian axis in the direction of the X axis along the Y axis, so that the signal results are spread evenly throughout the K-space area. Whereas in the Blade technique the process of entering data from acquisition into K-space is processed using fourier transforms through the reconstruction of the algorithm fast fourier transformation with radial Blade meaning the central area signal (center) with the highest intensity is scattered in all directions so that the distortion effect of the movement is covered or reduced [20,21].…”

“…The advantage of the Cartesian technique compared to the Blade technique is in terms of time, because when encoding data into K-space the Cartesian technique is faster than the Blade technique. Variation in ETL values can affect the image quality of the Cartesian and Blade techniques but there is no significant difference because in each echo range it has a different phase enchode for each TR but will fill the lines on the K-spacenya similarly in image formation [15,20] Long ETL in weighting T2 MRI Knee TSE can cause blurring that affects SNR and CNR signals which is a weakness of TSE. So that the Cartesian T2 TSE and T2 TSE Blade techniques have significant differences [16,24].…”

“…Differences in anatomical information between Cartesian and BLADE on knee MRI examination can also be caused by the influence of different sequential parameters used respectively. The use of Cartesian parameters is a parameter used in hospitals while the BLADE parameter is the adoption of a Cartesian only in the trajectory system changed from Cartesian to BLADE with the consequence of changes in other parameters namely time echo (TE), avareges (NEX) and Elliptical Filter from on to off [20,25].…”

“…Another parameter that can accelerate and reduce motion artifacts due to movement because the patient is uncooperative is the use of the BLADE technique. The beginning of the BLADE technique used the name Periodically Rotated Overlapping Parallel Lines With Enhanched Reconstruction (PROPPELER) which was later adapted by several vendors manufacturing MRI Equipment, under the name BLADE by Siemens, PROPELLER by General Electrik, Multivane by Philips, RADAR by Hitachi and JET by Toshiba [18,19,20]. Blade is a technique on turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences where the tool buttons on the computer are activated by the Blade.…”

3.0 T MR imaging of the ankle: Axial traction for morphological cartilage evaluation, quantitative T2 mapping and cartilage diffusion imaging—A preliminary study

“…For morphological evaluation, coronal and sagittal T1-weighted (w) turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences with a driven equilibrium pulse (RESTORE) [16] and sagittal fat-saturated intermediate-weighted (IMfs) TSE BLADE sequences [17] were acquired. For quantitative evaluation of cartilage matrix degradation, segmentation was performed on sagittal 2D Multislice multiecho (MSME) SE T2-w sequences [18].…”