Elimination of dioxins in milk by dairy cows after the long-term intake of contaminated sugar beet pellets

Abstract

Dried feed materials, such as sugar beet pellets, may be a source of high levels of PCDD/Fs. The studies followed up dioxin congener elimination from contaminated milk (5.02 ± 1.39 pg WHO PCDD/F-PCBs-TEQ g fat) up to 338 days after withdrawal of polluted feed ingredient (4.37 ± 0.25 ng PCDD/F/DL-PCBs-TEQ kg feed). The main objectives of the study were to estimate the length of the time needed to achieve an acceptable PCDD/F milk level as set by European Union law, to track the fate of the PCDD/F congeners, and to assess the potential risk for consumers associated with long-term consumption of contaminated milk. After approximately 200 days, the PCDD/F levels reached ML (2.5 pg WHO-TEQ g fat), then decreased to the action level after more than 300 days (1.75 pg WHO-TEQ g fat) for most of cows. The potential risk of PCDD/F/DL-PCBs intake was characterised by comparing the theoretically calculated weekly and monthly intakes with the toxicological reference values (TRVs). The dioxin intake for the average adult and high-milk consumers did not exceed half of any of the TRVs applied (TWI, PTMI). The consumption of milk by children in the amount recommended by nutritionists (500 ml day) resulted in an exposure equal to 317% TWI and 275% PTMI.

PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and NDL-PCBs in Dairy Cows: Carryover in Milk from a Controlled Feeding Study

“…Chemicals. Native and 13 C-labeled standards were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, Massachusetts) and Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). Prepacked multilayer silica, alumina, and carbon columns were produced by Fluid Management System (Lexington, Kentucky).…”

“…[2][3][4]11 Among food of animal origin, milk and dairy products remain an important source of PCDD/F and PCB exposure for humans, because of their high consumption rate. 12,13 In particular, cow milk has been often involved in several cases of pollution, e.g., 10,14−16 demonstrating the vulnerability of the milk chain to these contaminants. 12 Given the important role of cow milk in human exposure, several carryover experiments in dairy cows have been carried out.…”

Application of the AhR reporter gene assay for the determination of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in feed samples

“…Dioxins and PCBs can contaminate plant-based animal feeds through a diversity of pathways, including the airborne deposition onto plant and soil. The contamination may be a result of local pollutant emission, industrial and non-industrial activities, contamination during production and transport, carelessness of management production, or may result from illegal practices ( 2 , 13 , 17 , 24 ). Compound feed may also be contaminated by components of animal origin such as animal fat, fish meals, and oil, or minerals.…”

Schadelijke stoffen bij branden in relatie tot zuivel : Factsheets en handelingsperspectieven

“…Dierproeven laten zien dat wanneer koeien besmet voer binnenkrijgen, dioxinen en dl-PCB's gedurende lange tijd uitgescheiden worden in de melk. Koeien die gedurende 167 dagen besmet voer kregen, produceerden langere tijd verhoogde dioxineconcentraties in de melk(Piskorska-Pliszczynska et al, 2017). Tot ca.…”

“…200 dagen nadat de koeien op schoon voer waren overgegaan werden concentraties boven de ML aangetroffen. Pas na 300 dagen waren de concentraties beneden de AL gedaald(Piskorska-Pliszczynska et al, 2017). Schultz et al…”