Elimination of cervical cancer in U.S. Hispanic populations: Puerto Rico as a case study

Ortiz, Ana P.; Soto-Salgado, Marievelisse; Calo, William A.; Hull, Pamela C.; Fernández, María E.; Colón‐López, Vivian; Tortolero‐Luna, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106336

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Low-income women without health insurance can get cancer screenings under the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). Breast cancer and cervical cancer screening, on the other hand, remained more than 50% below the 5-year average among women in rural areas [19].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

WITHDRAWN: H 2 O AutoML-LIME: an integrated modelling approach for predicting cervical cancer in Women

Prusty

Patnaik

Dash

2022

Preprint

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Background Cancer positioning a major disease, particularly for middle-aged people, which remains a global concern that can be developed in the form of abnormal growth of body cells at any place in the human body. Cervical cancer, often known as cervix cancer, is cancer present at the female cervix. In the area where the endocervix (upper two-thirds of the cervix) and ectocervix (lower third of the cervix) meet, the majority of cervical cancers begin. Objective Despite an influx of people entering the healthcare industry, the demand for Machine Learning (ML) specialists has recently outpaced the supply. To close the gap, user-friendly application, such as H2O, has made significant progress these days. However, the traditional ML technique handles each stage of the process separately; whereas H2O AutoML can automate a major portion of the ML workflow, such as automatic training and tuning of multiple models within a user-defined timeframe. Methods Thus, this work aims at implementing the H2O AutoML-LIME technique, to predict cervical cancer at its early stages. Moreover, this model has capable of training the best model in less amount of time which helps in reducing the human effort over traditional ML techniques. The Stacked Ensembles approach, on the other hand, will be automatically trained H2O models to create a highly predictive ensemble model that will outperform the AutoML Leaderboard in most instances. Additionally, LIME (Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations) has been implemented over the H2O AutoML model, to uncover black boxes and to explain every individual prediction in our model. Results After predicting our proposed model with three different probabilities, gives 0.13, 0.05, and 0.13 percent of chances cervical cancer respectively.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

WITHDRAWN: H 2 O AutoML-LIME: an integrated modelling approach for predicting cervical cancer in Women

Prusty

Patnaik

Dash

2022

Preprint

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“…Prevalence in 2019 was similar or higher in Puerto Rico for other cancer risk factors, such as obesity (33% vs 32% [US median] for ages 18 years and older), physical inactivity (92% did not meet physical activity guidelines vs 77% [US median] for ages 18 years and older), and diabetes (14% vs 11% [US median] for ages 18 years and older) 31 . In addition, CRC and cervical cancer screening rates are substantially lower in Puerto Rico compared with those in the United States overall, 31 although cancer control plans have been recently implemented to address this difference 108 . Conversely, higher use of the PSA test in Puerto Rico compared with the continental United States and Hawaii overall (but not compared with US Hispanic men) has been reported, 31,105 which likely influences higher prostate cancer incidence rates compared with US NHWs, in addition to the diverse racial makeup of residents, among whom 12% identify as Black 102…”

Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021

Miller

Ortiz

Pinheiro

et al. 2021

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

236

143

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The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest racial/ethnic group in the continental United States and Hawaii, accounting for 18% (60.6 million) of the total population. An additional 3 million Hispanic Americans live in Puerto Rico. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society reports on cancer occurrence, risk factors, and screening for Hispanic individuals in the United States using the most recent population‐based data. An estimated 176,600 new cancer cases and 46,500 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanic individuals in the continental United States and Hawaii in 2021. Compared to non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Hispanic men and women had 25%‐30% lower incidence (2014‐2018) and mortality (2015‐2019) rates for all cancers combined and lower rates for the most common cancers, although this gap is diminishing. For example, the colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rate ratio for Hispanic compared with NHW individuals narrowed from 0.75 (95% CI, 0.73‐0.78) in 1995 to 0.91 (95% CI, 0.89‐0.93) in 2018, reflecting delayed declines in CRC rates among Hispanic individuals in part because of slower uptake of screening. In contrast, Hispanic individuals have higher rates of infection‐related cancers, including approximately two‐fold higher incidence of liver and stomach cancer. Cervical cancer incidence is 32% higher among Hispanic women in the continental US and Hawaii and 78% higher among women in Puerto Rico compared to NHW women, yet is largely preventable through screening. Less access to care may be similarly reflected in the low prevalence of localized‐stage breast cancer among Hispanic women, 59% versus 67% among NHW women. Evidence‐based strategies for decreasing the cancer burden among the Hispanic population include the use of culturally appropriate lay health advisors and patient navigators and targeted, community‐based intervention programs to facilitate access to screening and promote healthy behaviors. In addition, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer trends and disparities in the Hispanic population should be closely monitored.

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“…CC develops as a consequence of multiple complicated molecular factors, including the activation of oncogene and the inhibition of tumor suppression gene 2,3 . A broad spectrum of genes or proteins have been identified involved in the development of CC with the constant progress of scientific research, which facilitates the diversity of CC treatment, such as gene‐targeted therapy and hormonotherapy 4–6 . As such, searching for markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CC and clarifying the effective molecular targets have become the hot issue for medical scientists worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAX9 functions as a tumor suppressor gene for cervical cancer via modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis

Liu

Wang

Niu

et al. 2021

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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To investigate the effect of PAX9 on the progression of cervical cancer (CC).PAX9 expression was quantified in CC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, as well as human CC cell lines and human cervical epithelial cells (HCerEpiC). PAX9-overexpression lentiviral vectors were transfected into CC cell lines, followed by the measurement of proliferation and apoptosis and the quantification of apoptosis-related proteins. In vivo, mice were subcutaneously injected with CaSki cells transfected with PAX9-overexpression lentiviral vectors and control vectors. Then, the volume and weight of tumors were measured followed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunohistochemistry. PAX9 expression in the CC tissues was lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues, which was correlated with the FIGO stage, tumor size, infiltration depth, parametrium invasion, lympho-vascular space invasion tumor-positive lymph nodes, and prognosis. Furthermore, PAX9 in CC cell lines was also lower than in HCerEpiC. PAX9 inhibits the CC cell proliferation and promotes the apoptosis, with the up-regulations of caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. In vivo experiments demonstrated that in the PAX9 group, the tumor weight and volume were lower than those in the vector group accompanying the decreased Ki-67, cleaved-caspase-3, and Bax expressions and the increased TUNEL and Bcl-2 expression. PAX9 was lowly expressed in the CC tissues and associated with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.PAX9 could inhibit proliferation of CC cell lines and promote the apoptosis, thus suppressing the tumor growth in vivo, indicating its potential therapeutic role for CC treatment.

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Elimination of cervical cancer in U.S. Hispanic populations: Puerto Rico as a case study

Cited by 15 publications

References 61 publications

WITHDRAWN: H 2 O AutoML-LIME: an integrated modelling approach for predicting cervical cancer in Women

WITHDRAWN: H 2 O AutoML-LIME: an integrated modelling approach for predicting cervical cancer in Women

Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021

PAX9 functions as a tumor suppressor gene for cervical cancer via modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis

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