Eliminating ammonia emissions during rare earth separation through control of equilibrium acidity in a HEH(EHP)-Cl system

Wang, Liangshi; Huang, Xiaowei; Yu, Ying; Xiao, Yanfei; Long, Zhiqi; Cui, Dali

doi:10.1039/c3gc40470f

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The technologies of rare earth separation and purification were significantly improved. For example, the new technologies of hyperlink extraction [11,12], calcium saponification extraction [13], and nonsaponification extraction were developed and used in the industry [14][15][16][17][18]. These new technologies significantly reduce the chemical consumption and waste discharge in rare earth separation.…”

Section: Recent Developments In Rare Earth Cleaner Hydrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology development for rare earth cleaner hydrometallurgy in China

et al. 2015

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China is the global leader in rare earth (RE) production using hydrometallurgical processes. Advantageous extraction techniques of rare earths from Baotou mixed rare earth minerals, bastnaesite, and ion-adsorption clays of rare earth deposits have been developed in China. The separation and purification technologies have also achieved rapid development. The industrial application processes for rare earth hydrometallurgy were summarized in the present paper. With the large demands and rapid development of rare earths, the issues of resources and environment are more prominent. This review gives an overview of the main processes that were developed in the past toward greener hydrometallurgy of rare earths in China. Based on the development of the rare earth industry, comprehensive utilization and cleaner production should still be focused on in the future, to support the sustainable development.

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Section: Recent Developments In Rare Earth Cleaner Hydrometallurgymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology development for rare earth cleaner hydrometallurgy in China

et al. 2015

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“…(14) and (23) into (28) to eliminate y A,n and y B,n results in Eq. (29) which can be then rewritten as Eq.…”

Section: Description Of the Separation Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, green chemistry processes have been paid much attention in extraction separation industry [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. As mentioned in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum amount of extracting solvent of two-component extraction separation in a complex feeding pattern

Cheng

Zhang

et al. 2015

Separation and Purification Technology

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“…HEH [EHP] was purified by washing with 2% Na 2 CO 3 , 0.2 mol/L H 2 SO 4 and distilled water, respectively. Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (HBTMPP, Cyanex272) was supplied by Cytec Industries Inc. 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the ABC-BILs were obtained in CDCl 3 with an AV III-500 BRUKER spectrometer. The extracting phases were prepared by dissolving the extractants in heptane.…”

Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synergistic extraction of heavy rare earth elements using EHEHP-type and BTMPP-type functional ionic liquids

et al. 2015

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Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) are more important than light rare earth elements (LREEs) since the supply risk and application in clean energy. In this paper, we first reported the synergistic extraction based on 2-ethyl(hexyl) phosphate mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHP)-type and bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphate (BTMPP)-type acid base coupling bifunctional ionic liquids (ABC-BILs) for HREEs separation. Extractabilities of the novel systems were better than those of mixed 2-ethyl(hexyl) phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEH[EHP]) and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (HBTMPP). Also, stripping property of the ABC-BIL based synergistic extraction system for HREE was better than that of mixed HEH[EHP] and HBTMPP. Advantages of the novel synergistic system based on ABC-BILs have revealed potential application values for HREEs separation industry.

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Eliminating ammonia emissions during rare earth separation through control of equilibrium acidity in a HEH(EHP)-Cl system

Cited by 53 publications

References 37 publications

Technology development for rare earth cleaner hydrometallurgy in China

Technology development for rare earth cleaner hydrometallurgy in China

Minimum amount of extracting solvent of two-component extraction separation in a complex feeding pattern

The synergistic extraction of heavy rare earth elements using EHEHP-type and BTMPP-type functional ionic liquids

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