Elicitation

Gorelick, Jonathan; Bernstein, Nirit

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800138-7.00005-x

Cited by 104 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…It is possible that the increased accumulation of these metals may elicit the production of cannabinoids. It has been previously reported that treatment with metals including Fe and Cu can increase secondary metabolite production in a number of plants (Gorelick and Bernstein, 2014). However, it has yet to be clearly proved in the case of cannabinoids in cannabis and further work is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of N, P, K, and Humic Acid Supplementation on the Chemical Profile of Medical Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L)

Gorelick²,

et al. 2019

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Mineral nutrition is a major factor affecting plant growth and function. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of macro and micronutrients in secondary metabolism. The use of the appropriate nutritional measures including organic fertilizers, supplements, and biostimulants is therefore a vital aspect of medicinal plant production including medical cannabis. Due to legal restriction on cannabis research, very little information is available concerning the effects of nutritional supplements on physiological and chemical properties of medical cannabis, and their potential role in standardization of the active compounds in the plant material supplied to patients. This study therefore evaluated the potential of nutritional supplementations, including humic acids (HAs) and inorganic N, P, and K to affect the cannabinoid profile throughout the plant. The plants were exposed to three enhanced nutrition treatments, compared to a commercial control treatment. The nutrition treatments were supplemented with HA, enhanced P fertilization, or enhanced NPK. The results demonstrate sensitivity of cannabinoids metabolism to mineral nutrition. The nutritional supplements affected cannabinoid content in the plants differently. These effects were location and organ specific, and varied between cannabinoids. While the P enhancement treatment did not affect THC, CBD, CBN, and CBG concentrations in the flowers from the top of the plants, a 16% reduction of THC concentration was observed in the inflorescence leaves. Enhanced NPK and HA treatments also produced organ-specific and spatially specific responses in the plant. NPK supplementation increased CBG levels in flowers by 71%, and lowered CBN levels in both flowers and inflorescence leaves by 38 and 36%, respectively. HA was found to reduce the natural spatial variability of all of the cannabinoids studied. However, the increased uniformity came at the expense of the higher levels of cannabinoids at the top of the plants, THC and CBD were reduced by 37 and 39%, respectively. Changes in mineral composition were observed in specific areas of the plants. The results demonstrate that nutritional supplements influence cannabinoid content in cannabis in an organ- and spatial-dependent manner. Most importantly, the results confirm the potential of environmental factors to regulate concentrations of individual cannabinoids in medical cannabis. The identified effects of nutrient supplementation can be further developed for chemical control and standardization in cannabis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of N, P, K, and Humic Acid Supplementation on the Chemical Profile of Medical Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L)

Gorelick²,

et al. 2019

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“…Treatment with chitosan mimics an attack from a fungal pathogen which activates the plant defense response [26]. Jasmonic acid and its related methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MJ), play a key role in the signal transduction pathways which regulate the plant defense response and are involved in the production of various bioactive secondary metabolites [27]. Mechanical damage to either aerial or root tissue is known to activate the plant defense response and stimulate the production of secondary metabolites [28].…”

Section: Ecdysteroids In Spinachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecdysteroid Content and Therapeutic Activity in Elicited Spinach Accessions

Gorelick¹,

Iraqi

Bernstein

2020

Plants

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While spinach is an established nutritionally important crop, its medicinal value is not as well known. Spinach is rich in ecdysteroids, insect hormone analogs with a number of medicinal properties including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and even anabolic activity. However, the potential of spinach as a medicinal plant has not yet been developed. In this study, the ecdysteroid content of spinach was optimized to increase its therapeutic value. Spinach seeds from various sources were grown under controlled hydroponic conditions and analyzed for ecdysteroid content and related anabolic activity. Variations in ecdysteroid content and the related anabolic activity were observed among spinach accessions. A selected variety, Spinacia oleracea cv. Turkey, was exposed to various physical and chemical elicitors to increase and stabilize ecdysteroid content. A number of elicitors, including methyl salicylate and mechanical damage, significantly increased ecdysteroid content and anabolic activity 24 h after exposure. The effect was transient and disappeared 48 h thereafter. Further work is needed to identify the most suitable germplasm and elicitation conditions for optimal ecdysteroid content.

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“…Environmental conditions such as mineral nutrients (Bernstein et al, 2011) and water availability (Wang et al, 2018) affect plant development and function, including synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants (Eliašová et al, 2004; Figueiredo et al, 2008; Nascimento and Fett-Neto, 2010; Gorelick and Bernstein, 2014). Well documented is the strong connection between potassium (K), one of the principle nutrient elements required by higher plants, and plant development and function (Pettigrew and Meredith, 1997; Bernstein et al, 2011; Grzebisz et al, 2013; Reviewed by Prajapati and Modi, 2012; Tsialtas et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Medical Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) Genotypes to K Supply Under Long Photoperiod

2019

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Potassium is involved in regulation of multiple developmental, physiological, and metabolic processes in plants, including photosynthesis and water relations. We lack information about the response of medical cannabis to mineral nutrition in general, and K in particular, which is required for development of high-grade standardized production for the medical cannabis industry. The present study investigated the involvement of K nutrition in morphological development, the plant ionome, photosynthesis and gas-exchange, water relations, water use efficiency, and K use efficiency, comparatively for two genotypes of medical cannabis, under a long photoperiod. The plants were exposed to five levels of K (15, 60, 100, 175, and 240 ppm K). Growth response to K inputs varied between genotypes, revealing genetic differences within the Cannabis sativa species to mineral nutrition. Fifteen ppm of K was insufficient for optimal growth and function in both genotypes and elicited visual deficiency symptoms. Two hundred and forty ppm K proved excessive and damaging to development of the genotype Royal Medic, while in Desert Queen it stimulated rather than restricted shoot and root development. The differences between the genotypes in the response to K nutrition were accompanied by some variability in uptake, transport, and accumulation of nutrients. For example, higher levels of K transport from root to the shoot were apparent in Desert Queen. However, overall trends of accumulation were similar for the two genotypes demonstrating competition for uptake between K and Ca and Mg, and no effect on N and P uptake except in the K-deficiency range. The extent of accumulation was higher in the leaves > roots > stem for N, and roots > leaves > stem for P. Surprisingly, most micronutrients (Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cl) tended to accumulate in the root, suggesting a compartmentation strategy for temporary storage, or for prevention of access concentrations at the shoot tissues. The sensitivity of net-photosynthetic rate, gas exchange, and water use efficiency to K supply differed as well between genotypes. The results suggest that growth reduction under the deficient supply of 15 ppm K was mostly due to impact of K availability on water relations of the tissue and transpiration in Royal Medic, and water relations and carbon fixation in Desert Queen.

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Elicitation

Cited by 104 publications

References 172 publications

Impact of N, P, K, and Humic Acid Supplementation on the Chemical Profile of Medical Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L)

Impact of N, P, K, and Humic Acid Supplementation on the Chemical Profile of Medical Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L)

Ecdysteroid Content and Therapeutic Activity in Elicited Spinach Accessions

Response of Medical Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) Genotypes to K Supply Under Long Photoperiod

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